1
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Dr. Oppenheimer.
2
00:01:21,697 --> 00:01:22,899
Dr. Oppenheimer.
3
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As we begin, I believe you have
4
00:01:25,868 --> 00:01:27,870
a statement to read
into the record.
5
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Yes, Your Honor.
6
00:01:30,940 --> 00:01:33,043
We're not judges, Doctor.
7
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No.
8
00:01:35,212 --> 00:01:36,612
Of course.
9
00:01:41,818 --> 00:01:44,754
Members of the security board,
10
00:01:44,787 --> 00:01:47,091
the so-called
derogatory information
11
00:01:47,124 --> 00:01:50,027
in your indictment of me
cannot be fairly understood,
12
00:01:50,060 --> 00:01:53,896
except in the context
of my life and my work.
13
00:01:54,864 --> 00:01:57,101
How long did he testify?
14
00:01:57,134 --> 00:01:58,868
Honestly, I forget.
15
00:02:00,270 --> 00:02:02,239
The whole hearing took a month.
16
00:02:02,272 --> 00:02:03,706
An ordeal, hmm?
17
00:02:03,739 --> 00:02:05,409
Well, I've only
read the transcripts.
18
00:02:07,977 --> 00:02:09,712
Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
19
00:02:09,745 --> 00:02:10,980
You weren't there?
20
00:02:11,014 --> 00:02:13,317
As chairman,
I wasn't allowed to be.
21
00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:15,918
Are they really
going to ask about it?
22
00:02:15,952 --> 00:02:18,055
-It was years ago.
-Four years ago...
23
00:02:18,088 --> 00:02:19,123
Five.
24
00:02:19,990 --> 00:02:21,724
Oppenheimer
still divides America.
25
00:02:21,757 --> 00:02:24,128
The committee is gonna want
to know where you stood.
26
00:02:24,161 --> 00:02:26,263
Senator Thurmond asked me to say
27
00:02:26,296 --> 00:02:28,132
not to feel that
you're on trial.
28
00:02:28,165 --> 00:02:31,702
Oh, funny, I didn't
till you just said that.
29
00:02:31,735 --> 00:02:33,338
-Really, Mr. Strauss...
-It's Admiral.
30
00:02:33,371 --> 00:02:36,307
Um, Admiral Strauss.
This is a formality.
31
00:02:36,341 --> 00:02:38,842
President Eisenhower has asked
you to be in his cabinet.
32
00:02:38,876 --> 00:02:40,744
Senate really has no choice
but to confirm you.
33
00:02:40,777 --> 00:02:43,014
And if they bring up
Oppenheimer?
34
00:02:43,047 --> 00:02:45,416
When they bring up Oppenheimer,
you answer honestly.
35
00:02:45,450 --> 00:02:47,851
No senator can deny
you did your duty.
36
00:02:47,885 --> 00:02:50,021
It'll be uncomfortable.
37
00:02:50,054 --> 00:02:52,190
Who'd want to justify
their whole life?
38
00:02:57,128 --> 00:02:59,830
Why did you leave
the United States?
39
00:03:01,932 --> 00:03:05,336
I, uh... I wanted to study
the new physics.
40
00:03:05,370 --> 00:03:06,904
Was there nowhere here?
41
00:03:06,937 --> 00:03:08,939
I thought Berkeley
had the leading
42
00:03:08,972 --> 00:03:10,807
theoretical physics department.
43
00:03:10,841 --> 00:03:13,411
Yes. Once I built it.
44
00:03:13,444 --> 00:03:15,046
But first I had to go to Europe.
45
00:03:15,079 --> 00:03:18,449
I went to Cambridge to study
under Patrick Blackett.
46
00:03:18,483 --> 00:03:21,085
Were you happier there
than in America?
47
00:03:21,119 --> 00:03:23,254
-Happier?
-Yes.
48
00:03:27,225 --> 00:03:30,228
No. No, I, uh...
49
00:03:33,231 --> 00:03:35,066
I was homesick, um...
50
00:03:35,933 --> 00:03:37,901
...emotionally immature...
51
00:03:39,070 --> 00:03:44,209
...troubled by visions
of a hidden universe.
52
00:03:55,253 --> 00:03:57,088
Useless in the lab.
53
00:04:02,126 --> 00:04:04,229
Christ, Oppenheimer.
54
00:04:04,262 --> 00:04:06,331
Have you had any sleep?
55
00:04:08,132 --> 00:04:09,367
Start again.
56
00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:11,902
I need to go
to the lecture, sir.
57
00:04:11,935 --> 00:04:13,338
Why?
58
00:04:13,371 --> 00:04:15,273
It's Niels Bohr.
59
00:04:18,076 --> 00:04:19,776
Damn, completely forgot.
60
00:04:19,810 --> 00:04:22,013
All right.
Let's go.
61
00:04:24,349 --> 00:04:26,251
Oh, no, not you, Oppenheimer.
62
00:04:26,284 --> 00:04:27,385
You finish coating those plates.
63
00:04:27,418 --> 00:04:29,254
You see them?
64
00:04:34,825 --> 00:04:36,793
Don't forget to clean up!
65
00:05:07,959 --> 00:05:11,896
Quantum physics
is not a step forward,
66
00:05:11,929 --> 00:05:15,434
it is a new way
to understand reality.
67
00:05:15,467 --> 00:05:19,038
Einstein's opened the door,
now we are peering through,
68
00:05:19,071 --> 00:05:21,973
seeing a world inside our world.
69
00:05:22,007 --> 00:05:27,413
A world of energy and paradox
that not everyone can accept.
70
00:06:09,521 --> 00:06:10,955
Yeah, definitely.
71
00:06:10,989 --> 00:06:12,358
Are you all right?
72
00:06:13,592 --> 00:06:15,427
Niels, meet
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
73
00:06:15,461 --> 00:06:16,961
What's the "J" stand for?
74
00:06:16,995 --> 00:06:18,963
Nothing, apparently.
75
00:06:18,997 --> 00:06:20,099
You were at my lecture.
76
00:06:20,132 --> 00:06:21,533
You asked
the only good question.
77
00:06:21,567 --> 00:06:23,302
No one's denying his insight.
78
00:06:23,335 --> 00:06:25,404
It's his laboratory work that
leaves a little to be desired.
79
00:06:25,437 --> 00:06:27,272
I heard
you give the same lecture...
80
00:06:27,306 --> 00:06:30,509
At Harvard, yes, and you
asked the same question.
81
00:06:30,542 --> 00:06:31,643
Why ask again?
82
00:06:31,677 --> 00:06:33,278
Hadn't liked your answer.
83
00:06:34,646 --> 00:06:36,382
Did you like it better
yesterday?
84
00:06:36,415 --> 00:06:37,683
A lot.
85
00:06:37,716 --> 00:06:39,618
You can lift the stone
without being ready
86
00:06:39,651 --> 00:06:42,020
for the snake that's revealed.
87
00:06:42,054 --> 00:06:44,189
Now it seems you're ready.
88
00:06:44,223 --> 00:06:46,525
But you don't enjoy the lab?
89
00:06:46,558 --> 00:06:49,428
So get out of Cambridge
with its beakers and potions.
90
00:06:49,461 --> 00:06:52,431
Go somewhere they let you think.
91
00:06:53,432 --> 00:06:55,067
Where?
92
00:06:55,701 --> 00:06:56,702
Göttingen.
93
00:06:56,735 --> 00:06:58,670
-Born?
-Born.
94
00:06:58,704 --> 00:07:00,672
Get to Germany,
study under Max Born.
95
00:07:00,706 --> 00:07:03,342
Learn the ways of theory.
96
00:07:03,375 --> 00:07:04,410
I'll send word.
97
00:07:06,044 --> 00:07:08,147
Wormhole.
98
00:07:08,180 --> 00:07:09,548
How's your mathematics?
99
00:07:09,581 --> 00:07:11,550
Not good enough for
the physicist he wants to be.
100
00:07:11,583 --> 00:07:14,154
Algebra's like sheet music.
101
00:07:14,187 --> 00:07:16,656
The important thing isn't
"Can you read music?"
102
00:07:16,689 --> 00:07:17,690
It's "Can you hear it?"
103
00:07:17,724 --> 00:07:21,027
Can you hear the music, Robert?
104
00:07:21,995 --> 00:07:23,563
Yes, I can.
105
00:08:59,292 --> 00:09:00,793
The senator from Wyoming.
106
00:09:01,761 --> 00:09:04,230
Admiral Strauss, I'm interested
in your relationship
107
00:09:04,264 --> 00:09:07,133
with Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
108
00:09:07,166 --> 00:09:08,768
You met him in 1947?
109
00:09:08,801 --> 00:09:09,769
Correct.
110
00:09:09,802 --> 00:09:11,571
You were commissioner
111
00:09:11,604 --> 00:09:13,172
of the Atomic Energy Commission?
112
00:09:13,206 --> 00:09:17,143
I was, but I-I actually
met Robert in my capacity
113
00:09:17,176 --> 00:09:19,846
as board member of the
Institute for Advanced Study
114
00:09:19,879 --> 00:09:21,681
at Princeton because
115
00:09:21,714 --> 00:09:24,350
after the war,
he was world-renowned
116
00:09:24,384 --> 00:09:26,786
as the great man of physics,
and I was determined
117
00:09:26,819 --> 00:09:29,522
to get him to run the Institute.
118
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Dr. Oppenheimer. An honor.
119
00:09:41,802 --> 00:09:43,137
Mr. Strauss.
120
00:09:43,170 --> 00:09:44,471
It's pronounced "straws."
121
00:09:45,372 --> 00:09:46,840
Oh-ppenheimer, Oppenheimer.
122
00:09:46,874 --> 00:09:48,742
Whatever way you say it,
they know I'm Jewish.
123
00:09:50,277 --> 00:09:52,880
I'm president of Temple Emanu-El
in Manhattan.
124
00:09:52,913 --> 00:09:55,182
"Straws" is just
the Southern pronunciation.
125
00:09:55,215 --> 00:09:56,250
-Ah.
-Anyway,
126
00:09:56,283 --> 00:09:57,718
welcome to the Institute.
127
00:09:57,751 --> 00:09:59,386
I think you could be
very happy here.
128
00:09:59,420 --> 00:10:01,355
Yes, well,
you'll love the commute.
129
00:10:01,388 --> 00:10:02,723
The position comes
with that house
130
00:10:02,756 --> 00:10:04,224
for you and your wife
131
00:10:04,258 --> 00:10:06,427
and your, is it two children?
132
00:10:06,460 --> 00:10:07,261
Yes, two.
133
00:10:07,294 --> 00:10:10,230
I'm a great admirer
of your work.
134
00:10:10,264 --> 00:10:12,466
And you're a physicist
by training, Mr. Strauss?
135
00:10:12,499 --> 00:10:14,568
I'm sorry, uh,
common room 4:00 tea.
136
00:10:14,602 --> 00:10:17,371
No, I'm not trained in physics
or anything else.
137
00:10:17,404 --> 00:10:19,239
-I'm a self-made man.
-Ah.
138
00:10:19,273 --> 00:10:21,275
-I can relate to that.
-Really?
139
00:10:21,308 --> 00:10:23,644
Yes, my father was one.
140
00:10:23,677 --> 00:10:27,247
And this would be your office.
141
00:10:36,423 --> 00:10:38,359
I'm told he's there
most afternoons.
142
00:10:38,392 --> 00:10:40,494
You know, I've always wondered
143
00:10:40,527 --> 00:10:44,131
why you didn't involve him
in the Manhattan Project.
144
00:10:44,898 --> 00:10:48,402
Greatest scientific mind
of our time.
145
00:10:48,435 --> 00:10:50,304
Of his time.
146
00:10:50,337 --> 00:10:52,373
Einstein published
his Theory of Relativity
147
00:10:52,406 --> 00:10:55,342
more than 40 years ago now.
148
00:10:56,410 --> 00:10:58,846
But never embraced
the quantum world it revealed.
149
00:10:58,879 --> 00:11:00,414
"God doesn't play dice."
150
00:11:00,447 --> 00:11:02,416
Precisely.
151
00:11:02,449 --> 00:11:05,252
You never thought of studying
physics formally, Mr. Strauss?
152
00:11:05,285 --> 00:11:07,655
Well, I had offers,
but I chose to sell shoes.
153
00:11:07,688 --> 00:11:11,191
Lewis Strauss was once
a lowly shoe salesman.
154
00:11:11,959 --> 00:11:13,861
No, just a shoe salesman.
155
00:11:13,894 --> 00:11:16,163
Huh.
156
00:11:17,431 --> 00:11:20,200
-I'd love to introduce you.
-No need.
157
00:11:21,301 --> 00:11:22,770
I have known him for years.
158
00:11:43,992 --> 00:11:45,693
Albert.
159
00:11:50,297 --> 00:11:54,501
What was that?
What did you say to him?
160
00:11:56,638 --> 00:11:57,672
Oh, he's fine.
161
00:11:59,541 --> 00:12:02,844
Mr. Strauss,
there are things in my past
162
00:12:02,877 --> 00:12:04,379
you ought to be aware of.
163
00:12:04,412 --> 00:12:06,314
Well, as chairman of the AEC,
164
00:12:06,347 --> 00:12:07,816
I have access
to your security file.
165
00:12:07,849 --> 00:12:08,850
I've read it.
166
00:12:08,883 --> 00:12:10,452
-You're not worried?
-No.
167
00:12:10,485 --> 00:12:11,853
Why would I be worried
after everything
168
00:12:11,886 --> 00:12:13,354
you've done for your country?
169
00:12:13,388 --> 00:12:14,856
Well, times change, Mr. Strauss.
170
00:12:14,889 --> 00:12:16,725
Well, the purpose
of this institute
171
00:12:16,758 --> 00:12:19,427
is to provide a haven
for independent minds.
172
00:12:20,361 --> 00:12:23,364
That's you.
You are the man for the job.
173
00:12:23,398 --> 00:12:26,001
Well, then I'll consider it.
174
00:12:26,035 --> 00:12:28,303
I'll see you
at the AEC meeting tomorrow.
175
00:12:32,707 --> 00:12:34,275
This is one
of the most prestigious
176
00:12:34,309 --> 00:12:36,045
appointments in the country.
177
00:12:36,078 --> 00:12:38,279
Yes, with a great commute.
178
00:12:38,313 --> 00:12:40,615
That's why I'm considering it.
179
00:12:40,648 --> 00:12:42,417
So, Dr. Oppenheimer brought
180
00:12:42,450 --> 00:12:44,853
your attention
to his past associations
181
00:12:44,886 --> 00:12:46,021
before you appointed him?
182
00:12:46,055 --> 00:12:47,489
Yes.
183
00:12:47,522 --> 00:12:49,357
And it didn't concern you?
184
00:12:49,390 --> 00:12:50,925
Just then,
I was entirely consumed
185
00:12:50,959 --> 00:12:54,729
with what he must have said
to Einstein to sour him on me.
186
00:12:58,333 --> 00:12:59,534
But later?
187
00:12:59,567 --> 00:13:01,503
Well, we all know
what happened later.
188
00:13:01,536 --> 00:13:03,905
Doctor, your, uh...
your time in Europe,
189
00:13:03,938 --> 00:13:05,507
you seemed to meet
with a wide range
190
00:13:05,540 --> 00:13:06,975
of other countries' physicists.
191
00:13:07,009 --> 00:13:08,010
Yes, that's right.
192
00:13:08,043 --> 00:13:10,311
Any Russians?
193
00:13:11,379 --> 00:13:12,814
None that spring to mind.
194
00:13:12,847 --> 00:13:15,750
If you'll just allow me to
continue with my statement...
195
00:13:15,784 --> 00:13:18,753
Mr. Robb, you'll have ample
opportunity to cross-examine.
196
00:13:20,990 --> 00:13:23,925
After Göttingen,
I moved on to Leiden in Holland
197
00:13:23,958 --> 00:13:26,996
where I first met Isidor Rabi.
198
00:13:27,029 --> 00:13:29,531
Excuse me.
199
00:13:33,468 --> 00:13:35,804
A Yank,
lecturing on the new physics?
200
00:13:35,837 --> 00:13:36,905
This I have to hear.
201
00:13:36,938 --> 00:13:38,973
I'm an American myself.
202
00:13:39,008 --> 00:13:40,508
How surprising.
203
00:13:40,542 --> 00:13:41,609
Um...
204
00:13:41,643 --> 00:13:43,912
Let me know if you need
any help with the English.
205
00:13:57,892 --> 00:13:59,861
Wait, what's he saying?
206
00:14:10,405 --> 00:14:11,439
No, thank you.
207
00:14:11,472 --> 00:14:13,441
It's a long way to Zurich.
208
00:14:13,474 --> 00:14:15,110
You get any skinnier,
we're gonna lose you
209
00:14:15,144 --> 00:14:16,979
between the seat cushions.
210
00:14:17,013 --> 00:14:18,048
I'm Rabi.
211
00:14:18,081 --> 00:14:19,448
Oppenheimer.
212
00:14:19,481 --> 00:14:21,517
I caught your lecture
on molecules.
213
00:14:21,550 --> 00:14:22,685
Caught some of it.
214
00:14:23,819 --> 00:14:25,988
We're a couple of New York Jews.
How do you know Dutch?
215
00:14:26,022 --> 00:14:27,590
Well, I thought
I'd better learn it
216
00:14:27,623 --> 00:14:28,791
when I got here this semester.
217
00:14:28,824 --> 00:14:30,426
You learned enough Dutch
in six weeks
218
00:14:30,459 --> 00:14:32,162
to give a lecture
on quantum mechanics?
219
00:14:32,195 --> 00:14:33,696
Wanted to challenge myself.
220
00:14:33,729 --> 00:14:36,099
Quantum physics wasn't
challenging enough.
221
00:14:36,132 --> 00:14:37,867
-Schvitzer.
-Schvitzer?
222
00:14:37,900 --> 00:14:39,802
Show-off.
223
00:14:39,835 --> 00:14:41,670
Dutch in six weeks,
but you never learned Yiddish?
224
00:14:41,704 --> 00:14:43,772
They don't speak it so much
my side of the park.
225
00:14:43,806 --> 00:14:44,874
Screw you.
226
00:14:45,975 --> 00:14:47,476
You homesick?
227
00:14:47,509 --> 00:14:48,911
Oh, you know it.
228
00:14:49,879 --> 00:14:52,882
Ever get the feeling our kind
isn't entirely welcome here?
229
00:14:52,915 --> 00:14:53,983
Physicists?
230
00:14:54,017 --> 00:14:55,517
'S funny.
231
00:14:55,551 --> 00:14:57,620
Not in the department.
232
00:14:57,653 --> 00:14:58,954
They're all Jewish too.
233
00:15:01,057 --> 00:15:02,458
Eat.
234
00:15:04,760 --> 00:15:06,896
There's a German
you have to seek out.
235
00:15:07,930 --> 00:15:10,466
-Heisenberg.
-Right.
236
00:15:19,642 --> 00:15:21,144
One might be led
to the presumption
237
00:15:21,177 --> 00:15:23,646
that behind the quantum world,
238
00:15:23,679 --> 00:15:27,549
there still hides a real world
in which causality holds,
239
00:15:27,583 --> 00:15:29,785
but such speculation seem to us,
240
00:15:29,818 --> 00:15:32,554
to say it explicitly, fruitless.
Thank you.
241
00:15:32,588 --> 00:15:34,024
Have a great day.
242
00:15:39,229 --> 00:15:40,930
-Wonderful.
-Thank you.
243
00:15:40,963 --> 00:15:42,198
Dr. Oppenheimer.
244
00:15:42,232 --> 00:15:44,167
Oppenheimer, yes.
245
00:15:44,200 --> 00:15:46,069
I liked your paper on molecules.
246
00:15:46,102 --> 00:15:47,603
Probably because
you inspired it.
247
00:15:47,636 --> 00:15:49,139
If I inspire anything else,
let me know.
248
00:15:49,172 --> 00:15:50,206
We could publish together.
249
00:15:50,240 --> 00:15:52,075
I have to get back to America.
250
00:15:52,108 --> 00:15:53,842
Why? There's no one there
251
00:15:53,876 --> 00:15:56,079
taking quantum mechanics
seriously.
252
00:15:56,112 --> 00:15:57,713
That's exactly why.
253
00:15:57,746 --> 00:16:00,183
He's pining for the canyons
of Manhattan.
254
00:16:00,216 --> 00:16:02,651
Canyons of New Mexico.
255
00:16:02,685 --> 00:16:03,819
-You're from New Mexico?
-No.
256
00:16:03,852 --> 00:16:05,955
New York, but my brother
and I have a ranch
257
00:16:05,988 --> 00:16:08,091
outside Santa Fe.
258
00:16:08,124 --> 00:16:10,492
That's the America
I miss right now.
259
00:16:10,526 --> 00:16:12,594
Then it's best you get home,
cowboys.
260
00:16:12,628 --> 00:16:14,230
That's him.
261
00:16:14,264 --> 00:16:17,700
No, me and horses.
I don't think so.
262
00:16:17,733 --> 00:16:19,868
Nice to meet you.
263
00:16:21,603 --> 00:16:23,739
Did you ever encounter
Heisenberg again?
264
00:16:23,772 --> 00:16:26,675
Not in person, no, but, uh...
265
00:16:27,910 --> 00:16:30,013
...you might say
our paths crossed.
266
00:16:31,580 --> 00:16:33,782
On returning to America,
I accepted positions
267
00:16:33,816 --> 00:16:36,552
at both Caltech
and up at Berkeley.
268
00:16:40,257 --> 00:16:41,891
I got it, it's all right.
269
00:17:00,610 --> 00:17:02,645
Dr. Lawrence, I presume?
270
00:17:04,048 --> 00:17:05,282
You must be Oppenheimer.
271
00:17:05,316 --> 00:17:06,850
Yes.
272
00:17:06,883 --> 00:17:09,220
I hear you want to start
a school of quantum theory.
273
00:17:09,253 --> 00:17:10,920
I am starting it. Next door.
274
00:17:10,954 --> 00:17:12,789
-They put you in there?
-I asked for it.
275
00:17:12,822 --> 00:17:14,891
Wanted to be close
to you experimentalists.
276
00:17:14,924 --> 00:17:17,294
Theory will get you
only so far, huh?
277
00:17:17,328 --> 00:17:19,296
We're building a machine
to accelerate electrons.
278
00:17:19,330 --> 00:17:22,033
-Magnificent.
-Would you like to help?
279
00:17:22,066 --> 00:17:23,900
Build it? Oh, no.
280
00:17:23,933 --> 00:17:25,036
No, no.
281
00:17:25,069 --> 00:17:27,637
But I am working on theories
I'd like to test with it.
282
00:17:27,670 --> 00:17:28,671
When do you start teaching?
283
00:17:28,705 --> 00:17:30,573
I've got my first in an hour.
284
00:17:30,607 --> 00:17:32,609
-Seminar?
-Pupil.
285
00:17:32,642 --> 00:17:35,879
One student? That's it?
286
00:17:35,912 --> 00:17:38,648
I'm teaching something
no one here has dreamt of.
287
00:17:38,681 --> 00:17:40,683
But once people start hearing
what you can do with it...
288
00:17:40,717 --> 00:17:42,186
There's no going back.
289
00:17:44,355 --> 00:17:46,656
-Oh. I must have missed the...
-Ah. Lo...
290
00:17:46,689 --> 00:17:48,691
-Mr. Lomanitz?
-Na.
291
00:17:49,893 --> 00:17:50,794
Yeah.
292
00:17:50,827 --> 00:17:52,929
Yes, this is it. Please.
293
00:17:52,962 --> 00:17:54,031
Take a seat.
294
00:17:58,902 --> 00:18:00,703
What do you know
about quantum mechanics?
295
00:18:00,737 --> 00:18:03,107
I have a grasp on the basics.
296
00:18:03,140 --> 00:18:04,707
Then you're doing it wrong.
297
00:18:05,942 --> 00:18:08,212
Is light made up
of particles or waves?
298
00:18:08,245 --> 00:18:09,380
Quantum mechanics
says it's both.
299
00:18:09,413 --> 00:18:11,015
How could it be both?
300
00:18:11,048 --> 00:18:12,949
-It can't.
-It can't.
301
00:18:12,982 --> 00:18:17,854
But it is. It's paradoxical,
and yet, it works.
302
00:18:24,995 --> 00:18:25,996
Now.
303
00:18:27,864 --> 00:18:29,833
Thank you.
304
00:18:29,866 --> 00:18:32,869
Mr. Lomanitz.
You're gonna be okay.
305
00:18:32,902 --> 00:18:34,271
Mr. Snyder.
306
00:18:34,305 --> 00:18:35,839
Now let's consider a star.
307
00:18:35,872 --> 00:18:39,410
A star. A vast furnace
burning in outer space,
308
00:18:39,443 --> 00:18:42,846
fire pushing outwards
against its own gravity.
309
00:18:42,879 --> 00:18:44,315
Balanced.
310
00:18:44,348 --> 00:18:46,649
But if that furnace cools...
311
00:18:48,018 --> 00:18:50,020
...and gravity starts winning,
it contracts.
312
00:18:51,021 --> 00:18:51,988
Density increases.
313
00:18:52,022 --> 00:18:53,224
Correct.
314
00:18:53,257 --> 00:18:54,425
Increasing gravity.
315
00:18:54,458 --> 00:18:55,959
Increasing density.
316
00:18:55,993 --> 00:18:58,129
-And?
-It's a vicious cycle until...
317
00:18:58,162 --> 00:18:59,797
what's the limit here?
318
00:19:00,965 --> 00:19:03,201
I don't know.
See where the math takes us.
319
00:19:03,235 --> 00:19:05,003
I guarantee it's somewhere
no one's been before.
320
00:19:05,036 --> 00:19:06,937
Me?
321
00:19:06,971 --> 00:19:09,141
Yes, you.
Your math is better than mine.
322
00:19:10,875 --> 00:19:12,977
Dr. Oppenheimer's file
323
00:19:13,011 --> 00:19:15,413
contained detail
of his activities in Berkeley.
324
00:19:15,447 --> 00:19:16,914
Why would they have
started a file
325
00:19:16,947 --> 00:19:19,884
on Dr. Oppenheimer
before the war?
326
00:19:19,917 --> 00:19:22,387
Well, you'd have
to ask Mr. Hoover.
327
00:19:22,420 --> 00:19:24,289
I'm asking you, Admiral Strauss.
328
00:19:24,322 --> 00:19:27,259
Uh, my assumption is that
329
00:19:27,292 --> 00:19:30,428
it was connected to his, uh,
330
00:19:30,462 --> 00:19:32,998
left-wing political activities.
331
00:19:34,099 --> 00:19:35,766
You shouldn't
let them bring up politics
332
00:19:35,799 --> 00:19:37,135
in the classroom, Oppie.
333
00:19:37,169 --> 00:19:38,903
I wrote that.
334
00:19:38,936 --> 00:19:42,207
Lawrence, you embrace
the revolution in physics.
335
00:19:42,240 --> 00:19:44,042
Can't you see it
everywhere else?
336
00:19:44,075 --> 00:19:46,178
Picasso, Stravinsky,
Freud, Marx.
337
00:19:46,211 --> 00:19:47,811
Well, this is America, Oppie.
338
00:19:47,845 --> 00:19:49,214
We had our revolution.
339
00:19:50,348 --> 00:19:52,850
Seriously,
keep it out of the lab.
340
00:19:52,883 --> 00:19:55,986
Well, out of the lab,
my landlady
341
00:19:56,021 --> 00:19:58,822
is having a discussion group
tonight. Interested?
342
00:19:58,856 --> 00:20:00,925
I have sampled
the Berkeley political scene.
343
00:20:00,958 --> 00:20:02,994
It's all just
philosophy post-grads
344
00:20:03,028 --> 00:20:05,330
and Communists
talking integration.
345
00:20:05,363 --> 00:20:07,032
You don't care
about integration.
346
00:20:07,065 --> 00:20:08,933
I want to vote for it,
not talk about it.
347
00:20:08,966 --> 00:20:10,968
'Specially on a Friday.
Come on, let's eat.
348
00:20:11,002 --> 00:20:13,338
I'm meeting my brother there.
349
00:20:13,371 --> 00:20:15,240
And how would these activities
350
00:20:15,273 --> 00:20:16,408
have come to the attention
351
00:20:16,441 --> 00:20:17,442
of the FBI?
352
00:20:17,475 --> 00:20:19,444
Well, if I remember correctly,
353
00:20:19,477 --> 00:20:21,413
the FBI was taking
license plates
354
00:20:21,446 --> 00:20:23,781
outside suspected
Communist gatherings,
355
00:20:23,814 --> 00:20:25,816
and his name popped up.
356
00:20:33,391 --> 00:20:34,925
-Gotcha!
-Jesus Christ.
357
00:20:34,959 --> 00:20:37,262
-Sorry. Hi, brother.
-Frank.
358
00:20:38,263 --> 00:20:39,998
Uh, you remember Jackie.
359
00:20:40,031 --> 00:20:41,499
Evening.
360
00:20:41,533 --> 00:20:43,501
Let's go. Come.
361
00:20:43,535 --> 00:20:46,104
Right over there,
right over there.
362
00:20:47,038 --> 00:20:50,041
Robert. I want you
to meet Chevalier.
363
00:20:50,075 --> 00:20:53,777
Dr. Haakon Chevalier,
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer.
364
00:20:53,811 --> 00:20:54,979
-Pleasure.
-Pleasure.
365
00:20:55,013 --> 00:20:56,314
This is my little brother,
Frank.
366
00:20:56,348 --> 00:20:57,549
-And this is...
-Hello.
367
00:20:57,582 --> 00:20:59,517
-Still Jackie.
-Hello, Still Jackie.
368
00:20:59,551 --> 00:21:01,519
Chevalier, you're in languages?
369
00:21:01,553 --> 00:21:03,288
And your reputation
precedes you.
370
00:21:03,321 --> 00:21:05,056
-What have you heard?
-Excuse me.
371
00:21:05,090 --> 00:21:06,857
That you're teaching a radical
new approach to physics
372
00:21:06,890 --> 00:21:08,126
I have no chance
of understanding,
373
00:21:08,159 --> 00:21:09,527
but I hadn't heard
you're a Party member.
374
00:21:09,561 --> 00:21:11,862
-Uh, I'm not.
-Oh, not yet.
375
00:21:11,895 --> 00:21:13,864
Frank and I are thinking of
joining. Just the other day,
376
00:21:13,897 --> 00:21:15,533
-I was saying...
-I support a range of causes.
377
00:21:15,567 --> 00:21:17,202
The Spanish Civil War?
378
00:21:17,235 --> 00:21:18,969
A democratic republic
being overthrown
379
00:21:19,004 --> 00:21:20,305
by fascist thugs, who wouldn't?
380
00:21:20,338 --> 00:21:22,008
Our government.
381
00:21:22,041 --> 00:21:23,509
They think that socialism is
a bigger threat than fascism.
382
00:21:23,542 --> 00:21:25,044
Not for long.
383
00:21:25,077 --> 00:21:26,878
Look at what the Nazis
are doing to the Jews.
384
00:21:26,911 --> 00:21:29,482
I send funds to colleagues
in Germany to emigrate.
385
00:21:29,515 --> 00:21:31,550
I have to do something.
386
00:21:31,584 --> 00:21:34,953
My own work is so abstract.
387
00:21:34,986 --> 00:21:36,555
What are you working on?
388
00:21:36,589 --> 00:21:38,524
What happens to the stars
when they die.
389
00:21:38,557 --> 00:21:39,991
Do stars die?
390
00:21:41,193 --> 00:21:42,495
Well, if they do,
391
00:21:42,528 --> 00:21:44,430
they'd cool, then collapse.
392
00:21:44,463 --> 00:21:47,099
In fact, the bigger the star,
393
00:21:47,133 --> 00:21:49,834
the more violent its demise.
394
00:21:49,868 --> 00:21:51,404
The gravity gets so concentrated
395
00:21:51,437 --> 00:21:54,407
it swallows everything.
396
00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:55,408
Everything, even light.
397
00:21:55,441 --> 00:21:56,609
Can that really happen?
398
00:21:56,642 --> 00:21:58,444
The math says it can.
399
00:21:58,477 --> 00:21:59,911
If we can get published,
400
00:21:59,944 --> 00:22:01,514
then perhaps one day,
an astronomer finds one.
401
00:22:01,547 --> 00:22:03,282
But right now,
all I have is theory,
402
00:22:03,316 --> 00:22:05,184
which can't impact
people's lives.
403
00:22:05,217 --> 00:22:07,486
Well, if you're going
to send money to Spain,
404
00:22:07,520 --> 00:22:09,088
do it through
the Communist Party.
405
00:22:09,121 --> 00:22:10,456
They can get it
to the front lines.
406
00:22:10,489 --> 00:22:12,891
Mary sent me with these.
407
00:22:13,592 --> 00:22:16,395
-I'm Jean.
-Robert.
408
00:22:16,429 --> 00:22:17,929
Haakon Chevalier.
409
00:22:17,962 --> 00:22:19,498
The union meeting at Serber's
last month?
410
00:22:19,532 --> 00:22:20,932
Right, right, yes.
411
00:22:20,965 --> 00:22:22,335
Oh, thank you.
412
00:22:22,368 --> 00:22:24,603
Robert here says
he's not a Communist.
413
00:22:24,637 --> 00:22:26,938
Well, then he doesn't know
enough about it.
414
00:22:26,971 --> 00:22:29,342
Oh, I've read Das Kapital,
all three volumes.
415
00:22:29,375 --> 00:22:31,010
Does that count?
416
00:22:31,043 --> 00:22:33,012
It would make you better read
than most party members.
417
00:22:33,045 --> 00:22:35,348
Turgid stuff.
There's some thinking, um,
418
00:22:35,381 --> 00:22:36,549
"Ownership is theft."
419
00:22:36,582 --> 00:22:38,484
-"Property."
-"Property"?
420
00:22:38,517 --> 00:22:40,319
"Property," not "ownership."
421
00:22:40,353 --> 00:22:42,388
I'm sorry, I read it
in the original German.
422
00:22:42,421 --> 00:22:45,091
Well.
423
00:22:45,957 --> 00:22:47,326
It's not about the book.
424
00:22:47,360 --> 00:22:50,363
It's about the ideas.
And you sound uncommitted.
425
00:22:50,396 --> 00:22:52,031
Well, I'm committed
to thinking freely
426
00:22:52,064 --> 00:22:54,500
about how to improve our world.
427
00:22:54,533 --> 00:22:56,635
Why limit yourself to one dogma?
428
00:22:56,669 --> 00:22:59,638
You're a physicist,
you pick and choose rules?
429
00:22:59,672 --> 00:23:01,240
Or do you use the discipline
430
00:23:01,273 --> 00:23:03,409
to channel your energies
into progress?
431
00:23:03,442 --> 00:23:05,845
I like a little wiggle room.
432
00:23:06,945 --> 00:23:09,148
Do you always
tow the party line?
433
00:23:10,516 --> 00:23:12,284
I like my wiggle room too.
434
00:23:22,428 --> 00:23:24,963
What?
435
00:23:24,997 --> 00:23:26,165
Wait, wait, wait.
436
00:23:30,069 --> 00:23:31,670
Unexpected.
437
00:23:31,704 --> 00:23:33,606
-What?
-For a physicist.
438
00:23:33,639 --> 00:23:36,409
You only have a shelf
full of Freud?
439
00:23:36,442 --> 00:23:39,311
Well, actually,
my background's more...
440
00:23:39,345 --> 00:23:41,180
Uh, Jungian?
441
00:23:42,315 --> 00:23:43,417
You know analysis?
442
00:23:43,450 --> 00:23:45,985
When I was in post-grad
at Cambridge,
443
00:23:46,019 --> 00:23:47,320
I had a little trouble.
444
00:23:48,321 --> 00:23:51,057
-I'll bite.
-I tried to poison my tutor.
445
00:23:51,091 --> 00:23:52,092
Did you hate him?
446
00:23:52,125 --> 00:23:53,593
I liked him very much.
447
00:23:53,627 --> 00:23:55,529
You just needed to get laid.
448
00:23:55,562 --> 00:23:57,130
Took my analyst two years,
449
00:23:57,164 --> 00:23:59,099
and I don't think they
ever put it that succinctly.
450
00:23:59,132 --> 00:24:00,467
You have everyone convinced
451
00:24:00,500 --> 00:24:03,236
you're more complicated
than you actually are.
452
00:24:03,270 --> 00:24:05,272
We're all simple souls, I guess.
453
00:24:05,305 --> 00:24:06,473
I'm not.
454
00:24:09,342 --> 00:24:10,377
What's this?
455
00:24:10,410 --> 00:24:11,977
Sanskrit.
456
00:24:12,012 --> 00:24:13,313
You can read this?
457
00:24:13,346 --> 00:24:15,148
I'm learning.
458
00:24:19,352 --> 00:24:21,154
Read this.
459
00:24:22,589 --> 00:24:24,224
Well, in this part,
460
00:24:24,257 --> 00:24:26,460
Vishnu reveals
his multi-armed self...
461
00:24:26,493 --> 00:24:27,494
No.
462
00:24:28,562 --> 00:24:30,430
Read the words.
463
00:24:33,800 --> 00:24:36,969
"And now I am become Death.
464
00:24:42,409 --> 00:24:44,144
Destroyer of worlds."
465
00:25:15,075 --> 00:25:16,409
This'll do.
466
00:25:22,549 --> 00:25:24,150
It'll break before dawn.
467
00:25:24,184 --> 00:25:27,554
Air cools overnight,
just before dawn, it breaks.
468
00:25:30,223 --> 00:25:32,158
Come.
469
00:25:38,198 --> 00:25:41,668
Ah. So, I'm getting married.
470
00:25:41,701 --> 00:25:43,303
-Frank. Congratulations!
-Thank you.
471
00:25:43,336 --> 00:25:45,138
-Thank you.
-To Jackie?
472
00:25:45,171 --> 00:25:47,541
Yeah, to Jackie.
473
00:25:47,574 --> 00:25:48,675
The waitress.
474
00:25:48,708 --> 00:25:50,677
Oppie, you're right.
It's lettin' up.
475
00:25:50,710 --> 00:25:53,146
I'm gonna go see
if there's any stars.
476
00:25:53,179 --> 00:25:55,215
All your talk
about the common man,
477
00:25:55,248 --> 00:25:56,750
but Jackie's not good enough
for you, hmm?
478
00:25:56,783 --> 00:25:57,817
Mm-mm.
479
00:25:57,851 --> 00:25:59,352
We join the Party and you can't
480
00:25:59,386 --> 00:26:01,154
-hide your disapproval. Why?
-Oh, now, I...
481
00:26:01,187 --> 00:26:02,255
Is that because that's
supposed to be your thing?
482
00:26:02,289 --> 00:26:03,824
I haven't joined
the Party, Frank.
483
00:26:03,858 --> 00:26:06,394
And I don't think she should
have convinced you to either.
484
00:26:06,427 --> 00:26:08,162
Half of the faculty
is Communist.
485
00:26:08,195 --> 00:26:09,263
Not that half.
486
00:26:10,598 --> 00:26:13,334
I'm your brother, Frank,
and I want you to be cautious.
487
00:26:13,367 --> 00:26:15,069
And I want to wring your neck.
488
00:26:17,471 --> 00:26:20,374
I won't live my life
afraid to make a mistake.
489
00:26:22,243 --> 00:26:25,580
You're happy, I'm happy.
490
00:26:25,613 --> 00:26:27,148
So then I'm happy you're happy
491
00:26:27,181 --> 00:26:28,516
that I'm happy.
492
00:26:32,787 --> 00:26:34,388
I feel like I could see
493
00:26:34,422 --> 00:26:36,524
one of those dark stars
that you're working on.
494
00:26:36,557 --> 00:26:39,126
You can't.
That's the whole point.
495
00:26:39,794 --> 00:26:41,495
Their gravity swallows light.
496
00:26:42,763 --> 00:26:45,833
It's like a kind of
hole in space.
497
00:26:45,866 --> 00:26:47,201
Is Frank okay?
498
00:26:47,234 --> 00:26:49,637
Yes. He just has
a shitty brother.
499
00:26:50,771 --> 00:26:52,440
It is special here.
500
00:26:54,809 --> 00:26:57,278
When I was a kid,
501
00:26:57,311 --> 00:27:00,348
I thought if I could find a way
502
00:27:00,381 --> 00:27:04,752
to combine physics
and New Mexico,
503
00:27:04,785 --> 00:27:07,321
my life would be perfect.
504
00:27:08,389 --> 00:27:09,657
Little remote for that.
505
00:27:09,690 --> 00:27:10,825
Yes.
506
00:27:10,858 --> 00:27:12,526
Let's get some sleep.
507
00:27:13,494 --> 00:27:14,895
That mesa we saw today,
508
00:27:14,929 --> 00:27:17,431
one of my favorite places
in the world.
509
00:27:18,265 --> 00:27:19,734
And tomorrow we'll climb it.
510
00:27:19,767 --> 00:27:21,202
What's it called?
511
00:27:22,236 --> 00:27:24,305
Los Alamos.
512
00:27:27,408 --> 00:27:29,410
I didn't expect
to see you today.
513
00:27:30,578 --> 00:27:32,413
Do I have to make
an appointment?
514
00:27:34,348 --> 00:27:36,484
Hey! Hey, get back here!
515
00:27:36,517 --> 00:27:37,652
Alvarez?
516
00:27:43,424 --> 00:27:46,260
Oppie! Oppie!
517
00:27:46,293 --> 00:27:48,295
What? What is it?
518
00:27:48,329 --> 00:27:49,930
They've done it.
They've done it.
519
00:27:49,964 --> 00:27:51,232
Hahn and Strassmann in Germany.
520
00:27:51,265 --> 00:27:53,434
They split the uranium nucleus.
521
00:27:54,301 --> 00:27:56,170
How?
522
00:27:56,904 --> 00:27:58,806
Bombard it with neutrons.
523
00:27:58,839 --> 00:27:59,974
It's a nuclear fission.
524
00:28:00,008 --> 00:28:01,642
They did it,
they split the atom.
525
00:28:01,676 --> 00:28:03,244
It's not possible.
526
00:28:09,383 --> 00:28:11,185
I'm gonna try to reproduce it.
527
00:28:17,825 --> 00:28:19,760
See? Can't be done.
528
00:28:20,861 --> 00:28:24,265
Very elegant. Quite clear.
529
00:28:24,298 --> 00:28:26,935
-There's just one problem.
-Where?
530
00:28:26,968 --> 00:28:28,770
Next door.
531
00:28:28,804 --> 00:28:30,739
Alvarez did it.
532
00:28:30,772 --> 00:28:32,908
But then look...
533
00:28:32,941 --> 00:28:36,278
...these fission pulses,
they're massive.
534
00:28:36,311 --> 00:28:39,581
I've seen 30 of these
in the past ten minutes.
535
00:28:39,614 --> 00:28:42,451
Theory will take you
only so far.
536
00:28:43,952 --> 00:28:45,954
During the process...
537
00:28:45,987 --> 00:28:47,723
extra neutrons boil off,
538
00:28:47,756 --> 00:28:50,926
which could be used to split
other uranium atoms.
539
00:28:50,959 --> 00:28:52,360
Chain reaction.
540
00:28:52,394 --> 00:28:54,030
You're thinkin'
what I'm thinkin'.
541
00:28:54,063 --> 00:28:56,832
You, me, and every other
physicist around the world
542
00:28:56,865 --> 00:28:58,366
who's seen the news.
543
00:28:59,068 --> 00:29:00,869
I'm... what?
What are we all thinking?
544
00:29:00,902 --> 00:29:04,673
A bomb, Alvarez.
545
00:29:05,841 --> 00:29:07,542
A bomb.
546
00:29:07,576 --> 00:29:10,779
I told you, Robert,
no more fucking flowers.
547
00:29:12,380 --> 00:29:13,915
I don't understand
what you want from me.
548
00:29:13,949 --> 00:29:15,717
I don't want anything from you.
549
00:29:16,718 --> 00:29:18,754
Well, you say that
and then you call.
550
00:29:18,787 --> 00:29:21,389
Well, don't answer.
551
00:29:21,423 --> 00:29:23,425
I'll always answer.
552
00:29:28,697 --> 00:29:29,631
Fine.
553
00:29:29,664 --> 00:29:32,367
Just no more flowers.
554
00:29:33,401 --> 00:29:34,770
You're not coming?
555
00:29:35,937 --> 00:29:38,740
You have to know
when you're beaten, Robert.
556
00:29:41,043 --> 00:29:42,778
It's not that simple, Hoke.
557
00:29:42,811 --> 00:29:44,980
Chevalier,
good to see you. It's...
558
00:29:45,014 --> 00:29:46,348
Ah, Barbara, good to see you
559
00:29:46,381 --> 00:29:48,850
and the illustrious
Dr. Oppenheimer.
560
00:29:48,884 --> 00:29:50,052
I'm Eltenton.
561
00:29:50,086 --> 00:29:51,453
-Oh, pleasure.
-Please, please.
562
00:29:51,486 --> 00:29:52,654
Now, might you say a word
563
00:29:52,687 --> 00:29:55,423
about organized labor
on campuses, yes?
564
00:29:55,457 --> 00:29:56,992
Coming through! Coming through!
565
00:29:57,026 --> 00:29:58,593
-F.A.E.C.T.!
-I work at Shell.
566
00:29:58,627 --> 00:30:00,629
We've signed up chemists,
we've signed up engineers,
567
00:30:00,662 --> 00:30:02,531
so why not scientists
in academia?
568
00:30:02,564 --> 00:30:05,467
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
569
00:30:05,500 --> 00:30:08,770
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
570
00:30:08,804 --> 00:30:10,438
Oppie! Oppie!
571
00:30:10,472 --> 00:30:13,375
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
572
00:30:16,545 --> 00:30:20,515
Teachers are unionized.
Why not professors?
573
00:30:20,549 --> 00:30:21,983
Don't you have somewhere to be?
574
00:30:22,018 --> 00:30:23,852
Lawrence,
academics have rights too.
575
00:30:23,885 --> 00:30:26,388
Look, it's not that.
I've got a group coming.
576
00:30:26,421 --> 00:30:29,624
-Well, I'll sit in.
-Not this one.
577
00:30:35,897 --> 00:30:37,566
Richard. Dr. Bush.
578
00:30:37,599 --> 00:30:39,668
What brings you two up north?
579
00:30:49,146 --> 00:30:50,513
Richard, you tell Ruth
580
00:30:50,546 --> 00:30:51,814
I'll be down
to Pasadena Thursday.
581
00:31:00,823 --> 00:31:03,459
Your paper
on black holes is in!
582
00:31:03,492 --> 00:31:05,461
Oppie!
583
00:31:05,494 --> 00:31:09,132
Where's Hartland?
Get Hartland. Get Hartland.
584
00:31:09,166 --> 00:31:11,434
September 1st, 1939,
585
00:31:11,467 --> 00:31:13,703
the world's gonna
remember this day.
586
00:31:14,637 --> 00:31:16,106
Oh, Hartland.
Our paper, it's in print.
587
00:31:16,139 --> 00:31:18,875
You've been upstaged.
588
00:31:22,478 --> 00:31:25,015
During the Battle of Britain,
I found myself
589
00:31:25,048 --> 00:31:27,783
increasingly out of sympathy
with the
590
00:31:27,817 --> 00:31:30,820
policy of neutrality
that Communists advocated.
591
00:31:30,853 --> 00:31:34,657
Right after Hitler invaded
Russia and we became allies,
592
00:31:34,690 --> 00:31:36,726
these Communist sympathies,
did they return?
593
00:31:36,759 --> 00:31:37,793
No.
594
00:31:38,928 --> 00:31:42,531
I need to make clear that
my changing views on Russia
595
00:31:42,565 --> 00:31:43,799
did not mean a sharp break
596
00:31:43,833 --> 00:31:45,902
from those who held
different views.
597
00:31:45,935 --> 00:31:48,504
For a year or two,
and during a previous marriage,
598
00:31:48,537 --> 00:31:51,841
my wife Kitty had been
a Communist Party member.
599
00:31:54,477 --> 00:31:55,811
Oop!
600
00:31:55,845 --> 00:31:57,647
This way. This is where
I keep the good stuff.
601
00:31:57,680 --> 00:31:59,682
Well, I thought
this was the Tolmans' house.
602
00:31:59,715 --> 00:32:01,918
I live with them
while I'm at Caltech.
603
00:32:01,951 --> 00:32:03,452
Do you two need anything?
604
00:32:03,486 --> 00:32:04,954
We're good, Ruthie.
605
00:32:06,056 --> 00:32:08,691
So, you're a biologist.
606
00:32:08,724 --> 00:32:11,928
Well, somehow
I have graduated to housewife.
607
00:32:11,961 --> 00:32:15,098
Can you explain
quantum mechanics to me?
608
00:32:15,132 --> 00:32:16,166
Seems baffling.
609
00:32:16,199 --> 00:32:17,900
Yes, it is.
610
00:32:19,002 --> 00:32:21,804
Well, this glass,
611
00:32:21,837 --> 00:32:22,738
this drink...
612
00:32:22,772 --> 00:32:25,875
...this countertop,
613
00:32:25,908 --> 00:32:29,012
uh, our bodies...
614
00:32:29,046 --> 00:32:30,947
all of it.
615
00:32:30,980 --> 00:32:33,549
It's mostly empty space.
616
00:32:33,582 --> 00:32:36,086
Groupings of tiny energy waves
bound together.
617
00:32:36,119 --> 00:32:37,987
By what?
618
00:32:38,021 --> 00:32:41,590
Forces of attraction
strong enough to convince us
619
00:32:41,624 --> 00:32:43,826
that matter is solid.
620
00:32:43,859 --> 00:32:46,996
Stop my body
passing through yours.
621
00:32:58,741 --> 00:33:00,243
You're married to Dr. Harrison.
622
00:33:00,277 --> 00:33:02,012
Not very.
623
00:33:04,047 --> 00:33:07,750
There is someone that I feel...
624
00:33:07,783 --> 00:33:09,220
Does she feel the same way?
625
00:33:09,253 --> 00:33:13,091
Sometimes. Not enough.
626
00:33:14,292 --> 00:33:17,261
You know,
I'm going to New Mexico.
627
00:33:17,295 --> 00:33:19,097
To my ranch, with friends.
628
00:33:19,130 --> 00:33:20,497
You should come.
629
00:33:21,299 --> 00:33:23,134
I meant with your husband.
630
00:33:23,167 --> 00:33:24,735
Yes, you did.
631
00:33:24,768 --> 00:33:27,671
'Cause you know it won't make
a bit of difference.
632
00:33:31,641 --> 00:33:33,144
Why did you marry him?
633
00:33:33,177 --> 00:33:36,713
I was lost and he was kind.
634
00:33:38,882 --> 00:33:39,750
Lost?
635
00:33:39,783 --> 00:33:43,287
Well, my previous husband
had died, and...
636
00:33:43,321 --> 00:33:45,756
at 28, I wasn't really ready
to be a widow.
637
00:33:45,789 --> 00:33:47,791
-Who was your first husband?
-Nobody.
638
00:33:47,824 --> 00:33:50,294
But my second husband
was Joe Dallet.
639
00:33:50,328 --> 00:33:53,297
He was, um, from money,
like me, but...
640
00:33:53,331 --> 00:33:56,267
he was a union organizer
in Youngstown, Ohio.
641
00:33:56,300 --> 00:33:57,567
Fell hard.
642
00:33:57,601 --> 00:33:58,869
How hard?
643
00:33:58,902 --> 00:34:00,570
Hard enough to spend
the next four years
644
00:34:00,604 --> 00:34:01,938
living off beans and pancakes,
645
00:34:01,972 --> 00:34:04,741
handing out the Daily Worker
at factory gates.
646
00:34:04,775 --> 00:34:07,278
By 36, I just told Joe
I couldn't take it anymore.
647
00:34:07,311 --> 00:34:09,180
Quit the Party and a year later,
648
00:34:09,213 --> 00:34:12,749
I wanted him back, so...
Him, not the Daily Worker.
649
00:34:12,783 --> 00:34:14,918
And he said, "Swell, I'll meet
you on my way to Spain."
650
00:34:14,951 --> 00:34:16,653
He went to fight
for the Loyalists?
651
00:34:16,686 --> 00:34:18,789
And then he went to
the brigades and I waited.
652
00:34:18,822 --> 00:34:19,890
And...
653
00:34:20,757 --> 00:34:22,126
Joe got himself killed
654
00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:24,561
first time he popped his head
out of the trench.
655
00:34:25,896 --> 00:34:28,332
Ideology got Joe killed.
For nothing.
656
00:34:28,366 --> 00:34:30,234
Spanish Republic isn't nothing.
657
00:34:30,268 --> 00:34:31,369
My husband offered
both our futures
658
00:34:31,402 --> 00:34:32,869
to stop one fascist bullet
659
00:34:32,903 --> 00:34:35,073
from embedding itself
in a mudbank.
660
00:34:35,972 --> 00:34:37,808
That's the definition
of nothing.
661
00:34:37,841 --> 00:34:39,843
Seems a little reductive.
662
00:34:39,876 --> 00:34:41,611
Pragmatic.
663
00:34:41,645 --> 00:34:44,082
Now here I am.
664
00:34:46,317 --> 00:34:47,918
Wherever the hell this is.
665
00:34:54,958 --> 00:34:58,229
I didn't want you to hear it
from anyone else.
666
00:35:00,664 --> 00:35:04,001
Least you didn't
bring me flowers.
667
00:35:09,140 --> 00:35:12,709
We both know I'm not
what you want, Jean.
668
00:35:13,743 --> 00:35:16,380
Yeah, but it's a door closing.
669
00:35:16,414 --> 00:35:17,814
No.
670
00:35:19,383 --> 00:35:21,751
Not as far as I'm concerned, no.
671
00:35:22,953 --> 00:35:24,688
You knocked her up, fast work.
672
00:35:24,721 --> 00:35:27,358
Can't keep a good man down.
673
00:35:27,391 --> 00:35:29,394
I meant her.
674
00:35:29,428 --> 00:35:31,430
She knew what she wanted.
675
00:35:31,463 --> 00:35:33,398
What about the husband?
676
00:35:33,432 --> 00:35:34,899
We talked, um,
677
00:35:34,932 --> 00:35:36,868
they're getting a divorce, so...
678
00:35:36,901 --> 00:35:40,671
we can get married
before she starts showing.
679
00:35:40,705 --> 00:35:42,174
How civilized.
680
00:35:44,143 --> 00:35:45,244
You idiot.
681
00:35:45,277 --> 00:35:47,045
This is your community.
682
00:35:47,079 --> 00:35:50,015
You think the rules
don't apply to the golden boy?
683
00:35:51,183 --> 00:35:52,817
Brilliance makes up for a lot.
684
00:35:52,850 --> 00:35:55,354
Don't alienate the only people
in the world
685
00:35:55,387 --> 00:35:57,055
that understand what you do.
686
00:35:58,789 --> 00:36:00,159
One day you might need them.
687
00:36:00,192 --> 00:36:02,927
F.A.E.C.T.!
688
00:36:02,960 --> 00:36:04,163
The Federation of Architects,
689
00:36:04,196 --> 00:36:07,332
Engineers, Chemists
and Technicians.
690
00:36:13,771 --> 00:36:16,308
Lomanitz,
what do you get paid a month?
691
00:36:16,341 --> 00:36:17,476
That's not the point, Lawrence.
692
00:36:17,509 --> 00:36:19,810
What do any of you
have in common
693
00:36:19,844 --> 00:36:22,447
with farm laborers
and dock workers?
694
00:36:22,481 --> 00:36:24,049
Plenty.
695
00:36:25,117 --> 00:36:27,653
Everybody out. Now!
696
00:36:31,490 --> 00:36:32,890
Not you.
697
00:36:38,829 --> 00:36:39,797
What are you doing?
698
00:36:39,830 --> 00:36:41,500
It's a trade union.
699
00:36:41,533 --> 00:36:43,468
Filled with Communists.
700
00:36:43,502 --> 00:36:45,204
So? I haven't joined the Party.
701
00:36:45,237 --> 00:36:47,339
They won't let me
bring you onto the project
702
00:36:47,372 --> 00:36:49,074
because of this shit.
703
00:36:49,107 --> 00:36:50,875
They won't even let me
tell you what the project is.
704
00:36:50,908 --> 00:36:53,345
Oh.
I know what the project is.
705
00:36:53,378 --> 00:36:54,446
Oh, really?
706
00:36:54,479 --> 00:36:55,780
We've all heard about Einstein
707
00:36:55,813 --> 00:36:57,082
and Szilard's letter
to Roosevelt
708
00:36:57,115 --> 00:36:58,916
warning him the Germans
could make a bomb,
709
00:36:58,950 --> 00:37:01,819
and I know what it means
for the Nazis to have a bomb.
710
00:37:01,852 --> 00:37:03,222
Oh, and I don't?
711
00:37:03,255 --> 00:37:05,890
It's not your people
they're herding into camps.
712
00:37:06,991 --> 00:37:07,992
It's mine.
713
00:37:08,026 --> 00:37:11,163
You think that I tell them
about your politics.
714
00:37:12,264 --> 00:37:14,832
The next time you're
coming home from a meeting,
715
00:37:14,865 --> 00:37:16,901
why don't you take a look
in the rearview mirror?
716
00:37:16,934 --> 00:37:19,004
Listen to the sounds
on your phone line
717
00:37:19,037 --> 00:37:22,107
and stop being so goddamn naive.
718
00:37:23,408 --> 00:37:24,942
Why would they care what I do?
719
00:37:24,976 --> 00:37:26,944
Because you're
not just self-important,
720
00:37:26,978 --> 00:37:29,147
you're actually important.
721
00:37:30,382 --> 00:37:31,749
Okay.
722
00:37:32,384 --> 00:37:35,387
Okay. I get it.
723
00:37:35,420 --> 00:37:37,489
If you could
just be a little more...
724
00:37:37,522 --> 00:37:39,024
Pragmatic.
725
00:37:39,057 --> 00:37:40,158
I'll talk to Lomanitz,
I'll talk to the others,
726
00:37:40,192 --> 00:37:42,294
you don't have to worry.
It's done.
727
00:37:42,327 --> 00:37:44,096
Lawrence.
728
00:37:48,933 --> 00:37:50,936
Then welcome to the war.
729
00:37:50,969 --> 00:37:53,273
I filled out my first
security questionnaire
730
00:37:53,306 --> 00:37:54,574
and was informed
731
00:37:54,607 --> 00:37:56,409
that my involvement
with left-wing groups
732
00:37:56,442 --> 00:38:00,380
would not prove a bar to my
working on the atomic program.
733
00:38:00,413 --> 00:38:03,149
Why were
his Communist associations
734
00:38:03,182 --> 00:38:06,286
not seen as a security risk
during the war?
735
00:38:06,319 --> 00:38:08,054
Senator, I can't possibly answer
736
00:38:08,087 --> 00:38:11,424
for security clearance granted
years before I ever met the man.
737
00:38:11,457 --> 00:38:13,459
Fine. What about after?
738
00:38:13,493 --> 00:38:15,428
After the war, Dr. Oppenheimer
739
00:38:15,461 --> 00:38:19,232
was the most respected
scientific voice in the world.
740
00:38:19,265 --> 00:38:21,301
That's why I asked him
to run the Institute,
741
00:38:21,334 --> 00:38:24,437
that's why he advised
the Atomic Energy Commission.
742
00:38:24,470 --> 00:38:25,538
Simple as that.
743
00:38:25,571 --> 00:38:28,174
What are they accusing me of?
744
00:38:28,207 --> 00:38:29,975
I think they just want
to know what happened
745
00:38:30,009 --> 00:38:32,512
between 1947 and 1954
to change your mind
746
00:38:32,545 --> 00:38:34,580
on Oppenheimer's
security clearance.
747
00:38:34,614 --> 00:38:37,350
I didn't.
I was chair of the AEC,
748
00:38:37,383 --> 00:38:40,952
but it wasn't me that brought
the charges against Robert.
749
00:38:40,986 --> 00:38:42,221
-Who did?
-Some former staff member
750
00:38:42,255 --> 00:38:44,190
of the Joint
Congressional Committee.
751
00:38:44,223 --> 00:38:47,293
He was a rabid anti-Communist
named Borden.
752
00:38:47,327 --> 00:38:49,629
He wrote to the FBI
demanding they take action.
753
00:38:49,662 --> 00:38:52,198
The FBI? Why not go
to the AEC, direct?
754
00:38:52,231 --> 00:38:54,933
Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?
755
00:38:54,966 --> 00:38:57,403
What did Borden have
against Oppenheimer?
756
00:38:57,437 --> 00:38:59,272
This was the McCarthy Era.
757
00:38:59,305 --> 00:39:04,210
People hounded out of jobs
for any hint of red. And then,
758
00:39:04,243 --> 00:39:05,911
reading Oppenheimer's
security file,
759
00:39:05,944 --> 00:39:08,114
his Communist brother,
sister-in-law,
760
00:39:08,147 --> 00:39:10,216
fiancée, best friend, wife.
761
00:39:10,249 --> 00:39:12,585
That's before we even
get to the Chevalier incident.
762
00:39:12,618 --> 00:39:16,356
But how would Borden have access
to Oppenheimer's security file?
763
00:39:16,389 --> 00:39:18,057
Because somebody gave it to him.
764
00:39:19,225 --> 00:39:21,893
Somebody who wanted
Robert silenced.
765
00:39:21,927 --> 00:39:23,529
-Who?
-Who knows?
766
00:39:23,563 --> 00:39:26,099
Robert didn't take care
not to upset
767
00:39:26,132 --> 00:39:28,368
the power brokers in Washington.
768
00:39:28,401 --> 00:39:31,270
His opinions on the atom
became definitive
769
00:39:31,304 --> 00:39:34,207
and he wasn't always patient
with us mere mortals.
770
00:39:37,610 --> 00:39:40,046
I came in for plenty
of harsh treatment.
771
00:39:40,079 --> 00:39:43,249
There was an AEC vote
772
00:39:43,282 --> 00:39:45,251
on the export of isotopes
to Norway,
773
00:39:45,284 --> 00:39:48,254
and they drafted in Robert
to make me look like a fool.
774
00:39:48,287 --> 00:39:49,988
But, Dr. Oppenheimer,
775
00:39:50,022 --> 00:39:52,125
we've already heard
from Admiral Strauss that
776
00:39:52,158 --> 00:39:54,993
these isotopes could be
useful to our enemies
777
00:39:55,027 --> 00:39:56,329
in the production
of atomic weapons.
778
00:39:56,362 --> 00:39:58,231
Congressmen,
you could use a shovel
779
00:39:58,264 --> 00:39:59,699
in making atomic weapons.
780
00:39:59,732 --> 00:40:00,932
In fact, you do.
781
00:40:00,966 --> 00:40:02,502
You could use a bottle of beer
782
00:40:02,535 --> 00:40:03,935
in making atomic weapons.
783
00:40:03,969 --> 00:40:05,438
In fact, you do.
784
00:40:05,471 --> 00:40:08,408
I say isotopes are less useful
than electronic components
785
00:40:08,441 --> 00:40:11,210
but more useful than a sandwich.
786
00:40:14,448 --> 00:40:16,316
Genius is
no guarantee of wisdom.
787
00:40:17,317 --> 00:40:20,087
How could this man
who saw so much be so blind?
788
00:40:29,596 --> 00:40:31,031
Kitty?
789
00:40:35,736 --> 00:40:37,671
Kitty?
790
00:40:37,704 --> 00:40:41,108
Kitty, the project...
791
00:40:42,075 --> 00:40:44,678
I'm in. I'm in.
792
00:40:44,711 --> 00:40:46,480
Let's celebrate.
793
00:40:52,119 --> 00:40:53,720
Shouldn't you go to him?
794
00:40:58,325 --> 00:41:01,495
I have been going to him
all fucking day.
795
00:41:25,252 --> 00:41:26,986
Come here, darling.
796
00:41:28,088 --> 00:41:29,656
I don't know how to say this.
797
00:41:29,690 --> 00:41:32,392
I'm... I'm ashamed to ask.
798
00:41:32,426 --> 00:41:34,361
Anything.
799
00:41:34,394 --> 00:41:35,195
Take Peter.
800
00:41:35,229 --> 00:41:38,265
-Sure.
-No, for-for a while, Hoke.
801
00:41:38,298 --> 00:41:40,267
A while.
802
00:41:41,835 --> 00:41:43,637
Does Kitty know you're here?
803
00:41:43,670 --> 00:41:45,405
Yes, of course she knows.
804
00:41:46,273 --> 00:41:48,275
Of course she knows.
805
00:41:48,308 --> 00:41:52,012
We're awful people.
Selfish, awful people.
806
00:41:53,514 --> 00:41:54,515
Forget I asked.
807
00:41:54,548 --> 00:41:56,383
Selfish, awful people,
808
00:41:56,416 --> 00:41:58,819
they don't know
they're selfish and awful.
809
00:41:58,852 --> 00:42:01,421
Sit, sit, sit.
810
00:42:02,456 --> 00:42:06,560
Robert, you see beyond
the world we live in.
811
00:42:08,262 --> 00:42:10,831
There is a price
to be paid for that.
812
00:42:10,864 --> 00:42:12,432
Of course we'll help you.
813
00:42:23,377 --> 00:42:25,546
Everything's changing, Robert.
814
00:42:25,579 --> 00:42:27,548
Having a child was always
going to change...
815
00:42:27,581 --> 00:42:31,685
No, the world, it's pivoting
in some new direction.
816
00:42:31,718 --> 00:42:34,122
It's reforming.
817
00:42:35,890 --> 00:42:37,592
This is your moment.
818
00:42:38,760 --> 00:42:40,428
We're putting together a group
to study feasibility...
819
00:42:40,461 --> 00:42:43,264
"We" shouldn't be
doing anything. You should.
820
00:42:44,165 --> 00:42:46,301
Lawrence won't get this done.
821
00:42:46,334 --> 00:42:48,469
Or Tolman or Rabi. You will.
822
00:42:57,312 --> 00:42:59,447
Who are the uniforms?
823
00:43:00,248 --> 00:43:02,150
I thought you might know.
824
00:43:03,184 --> 00:43:05,453
Dr. Oppenheimer.
825
00:43:05,486 --> 00:43:07,455
I'm Colonel Groves.
826
00:43:07,488 --> 00:43:09,724
This is Lieutenant
Colonel Nichols.
827
00:43:09,757 --> 00:43:11,259
Have that dry-cleaned.
828
00:43:17,165 --> 00:43:19,233
Well, if that's how you treat
Lieutenant Colonel,
829
00:43:19,267 --> 00:43:22,637
I'd hate to see how you treat
a humble physicist.
830
00:43:22,670 --> 00:43:24,739
Ah, if I ever meet one,
I'll let you know.
831
00:43:24,772 --> 00:43:26,274
Ouch.
832
00:43:26,307 --> 00:43:27,875
Theaters of combat
all over the world,
833
00:43:27,909 --> 00:43:29,844
but I have to stay
in Washington.
834
00:43:29,877 --> 00:43:32,580
-Why?
-I built the Pentagon.
835
00:43:32,614 --> 00:43:35,249
The brass likes it so much
they made me take over
836
00:43:35,283 --> 00:43:37,418
the Manhattan Engineer District.
837
00:43:37,452 --> 00:43:38,586
Which is?
838
00:43:38,620 --> 00:43:41,889
Oh, don't be a smart ass.
You know damn well what it is.
839
00:43:41,923 --> 00:43:43,625
You and half of every
physics department
840
00:43:43,658 --> 00:43:46,494
across the country.
That's problem number one.
841
00:43:46,527 --> 00:43:48,262
I thought problem
number one would be
842
00:43:48,296 --> 00:43:49,564
securing enough uranium ore.
843
00:43:49,597 --> 00:43:52,700
1,200 tons bought
the day I took charge.
844
00:43:52,734 --> 00:43:53,901
Processing?
845
00:43:53,935 --> 00:43:56,137
Just broke ground
at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
846
00:43:56,938 --> 00:43:58,640
Now I'm looking
for a project director.
847
00:43:58,673 --> 00:44:00,775
And my name came up?
848
00:44:00,808 --> 00:44:01,876
Nope.
849
00:44:03,012 --> 00:44:05,246
Even though you brought
quantum physics to America.
850
00:44:05,279 --> 00:44:06,648
Which made me curious.
851
00:44:06,681 --> 00:44:08,549
What have you found out?
852
00:44:09,450 --> 00:44:11,953
You're a dilettante,
a womanizer,
853
00:44:11,986 --> 00:44:13,321
a suspected Communist...
854
00:44:13,354 --> 00:44:14,756
I'm a New Deal Democrat.
855
00:44:14,789 --> 00:44:16,391
I said "suspected."
856
00:44:16,424 --> 00:44:20,662
Unstable, theatrical,
egotistical, neurotic...
857
00:44:20,695 --> 00:44:21,729
Nothing good, no?
858
00:44:21,763 --> 00:44:23,431
Not even
"he's brilliant, but..."
859
00:44:23,464 --> 00:44:25,266
Well, brilliance is taken
for granted
860
00:44:25,299 --> 00:44:26,801
in your circle, so no.
861
00:44:26,834 --> 00:44:28,803
No, the only person who had
anything good to say
862
00:44:28,836 --> 00:44:30,571
was Richard Tolman.
863
00:44:30,605 --> 00:44:32,707
Tolman thinks
you have integrity,
864
00:44:32,740 --> 00:44:34,876
but he also strikes me as a guy
865
00:44:34,909 --> 00:44:37,278
who knows more about
science than people.
866
00:44:37,311 --> 00:44:41,282
Yet here you are.
You don't take much on trust.
867
00:44:41,315 --> 00:44:43,317
I don't take anything on trust.
868
00:44:46,888 --> 00:44:48,623
Why don't you
have a Nobel Prize?
869
00:44:48,656 --> 00:44:49,724
Why aren't you a general?
870
00:44:49,757 --> 00:44:50,925
They're making me one for this.
871
00:44:50,958 --> 00:44:52,326
Perhaps I'll have the same luck.
872
00:44:52,360 --> 00:44:53,961
A Nobel Prize for making a bomb?
873
00:44:53,995 --> 00:44:56,331
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
874
00:44:58,767 --> 00:45:00,402
So how would you proceed?
875
00:45:01,904 --> 00:45:04,606
You're talking
about turning theory
876
00:45:04,640 --> 00:45:06,809
into a practical weapons system
877
00:45:06,842 --> 00:45:07,976
faster than the Nazis.
878
00:45:08,011 --> 00:45:09,745
Who have a 12-month head start.
879
00:45:09,778 --> 00:45:10,913
Eighteen.
880
00:45:10,946 --> 00:45:12,314
How could you possibly
know that?
881
00:45:12,347 --> 00:45:14,383
Our fast neutron research
took six months.
882
00:45:14,416 --> 00:45:15,918
The man they've
undoubtedly put in charge
883
00:45:15,951 --> 00:45:17,352
will have made
that leap instantly.
884
00:45:17,386 --> 00:45:18,587
Who do you think
they put in charge?
885
00:45:18,620 --> 00:45:19,722
Werner Heisenberg.
886
00:45:19,755 --> 00:45:22,324
He has the most intuitive
understanding
887
00:45:22,357 --> 00:45:24,027
of atomic structure
I have ever seen.
888
00:45:24,060 --> 00:45:25,761
-You know his work?
-I know him.
889
00:45:25,794 --> 00:45:27,629
Just like I know Walther Bothe,
von Weizsäcker, Diebner.
890
00:45:27,663 --> 00:45:30,466
In a straight race,
the Germans win.
891
00:45:30,499 --> 00:45:33,235
-We've got one hope.
-Which is?
892
00:45:33,836 --> 00:45:35,471
Anti-Semitism.
893
00:45:36,605 --> 00:45:37,606
What?
894
00:45:37,639 --> 00:45:40,476
Hitler called quantum physics
"Jewish science."
895
00:45:40,509 --> 00:45:42,344
Said it right
to Einstein's face.
896
00:45:42,377 --> 00:45:45,614
Our one hope is that Hitler
is so... so blinded by hate
897
00:45:45,647 --> 00:45:47,449
that he's denied Heisenberg
proper resources,
898
00:45:47,483 --> 00:45:49,418
because it'll take
vast resources.
899
00:45:49,451 --> 00:45:50,986
Our nation's best scientists
working together.
900
00:45:51,020 --> 00:45:52,421
Right now, they're scattered.
901
00:45:52,454 --> 00:45:54,057
Which gives us
compartmentalization.
902
00:45:54,090 --> 00:45:55,958
All minds have
to see the whole task
903
00:45:55,991 --> 00:45:57,359
to contribute efficiently.
904
00:45:57,392 --> 00:45:59,628
Poor security
may cost us the race.
905
00:45:59,661 --> 00:46:01,497
Inefficiency will.
906
00:46:01,530 --> 00:46:03,365
The Germans know
more than us anyway.
907
00:46:03,398 --> 00:46:05,501
The Russians don't.
908
00:46:05,534 --> 00:46:09,471
Remind me,
who are we at war with?
909
00:46:09,505 --> 00:46:11,940
Somebody with your past
doesn't want to be seen
910
00:46:11,974 --> 00:46:13,575
downplaying the importance
911
00:46:13,609 --> 00:46:16,345
of security from
our Communist allies.
912
00:46:16,378 --> 00:46:19,048
Point taken. But, no.
913
00:46:19,082 --> 00:46:21,383
You don't get
to say "no" to me.
914
00:46:21,416 --> 00:46:23,685
It's my job to say "no" to you
when you're wrong.
915
00:46:23,719 --> 00:46:25,721
So you have the job now?
916
00:46:25,754 --> 00:46:27,823
Uh, I'm considering it.
917
00:46:30,526 --> 00:46:32,861
I'm starting to see
where you got your reputation.
918
00:46:34,063 --> 00:46:36,498
My favorite response,
919
00:46:36,532 --> 00:46:38,867
"Oppenheimer couldn't
run a hamburger stand."
920
00:46:40,836 --> 00:46:41,637
I couldn't.
921
00:46:43,672 --> 00:46:45,841
But I can run
the Manhattan Project.
922
00:46:46,708 --> 00:46:48,877
There's a way
to balance these things.
923
00:46:48,911 --> 00:46:53,116
Keep the Rad Lab here
at Berkeley under Lawrence.
924
00:46:53,149 --> 00:46:55,417
Met Lab in Chicago,
under Szilard.
925
00:46:55,450 --> 00:46:57,886
Large-scale refining,
where did you say? Tennessee.
926
00:46:57,920 --> 00:46:59,588
-And Hanford.
-And Hanford.
927
00:46:59,621 --> 00:47:03,692
All America's industrial might
and scientific innovation,
928
00:47:03,725 --> 00:47:05,094
connected by rail.
929
00:47:05,128 --> 00:47:06,795
Focused on one goal.
930
00:47:06,829 --> 00:47:09,531
One point in space and time.
And it comes together here.
931
00:47:09,565 --> 00:47:11,867
A secret laboratory.
In the middle of nowhere,
932
00:47:11,900 --> 00:47:13,368
secure, self-sufficient,
933
00:47:13,402 --> 00:47:14,770
equipment, housing, the works.
934
00:47:14,803 --> 00:47:16,973
Keep everyone there
until it's done.
935
00:47:17,007 --> 00:47:19,043
It'll need a school,
stores, a church.
936
00:47:19,076 --> 00:47:20,510
Why?
937
00:47:20,543 --> 00:47:21,845
If we don't let scientists
938
00:47:21,878 --> 00:47:23,580
bring their families,
we'll never get the best.
939
00:47:23,613 --> 00:47:25,682
You want security,
build a town, build it fast.
940
00:47:25,715 --> 00:47:26,783
Where?
941
00:47:30,787 --> 00:47:32,755
Welcome to Los Alamos.
942
00:47:32,789 --> 00:47:35,592
Now, there's a boys school
we'll have to commandeer,
943
00:47:35,625 --> 00:47:37,594
and the local Indians come
up here for burial rites.
944
00:47:37,627 --> 00:47:40,864
But, apart from that, nothing.
Forty miles. Any direction.
945
00:47:40,897 --> 00:47:42,832
Enough to find the perfect spot.
946
00:47:42,866 --> 00:47:45,368
-For?
-Success.
947
00:47:50,640 --> 00:47:52,642
Build him a town. Fast.
948
00:47:53,676 --> 00:47:56,180
Let's go recruit
some scientists.
949
00:47:56,213 --> 00:47:58,548
Why would I leave my family?
950
00:47:58,581 --> 00:48:00,017
I told you,
you can bring your family.
951
00:48:00,050 --> 00:48:01,484
I'm not a soldier, Oppie.
952
00:48:01,517 --> 00:48:03,620
A soldier? He's a general.
953
00:48:03,653 --> 00:48:05,488
I've got all the soldier I need.
954
00:48:05,521 --> 00:48:07,091
What can I tell them?
955
00:48:07,124 --> 00:48:09,459
Heisenberg, Diebner,
Bothe and Bohr.
956
00:48:09,492 --> 00:48:10,793
What do these men
have in common?
957
00:48:10,827 --> 00:48:12,829
The greatest minds
on atomic theory.
958
00:48:12,862 --> 00:48:14,198
-Yes, and?
-Uh...
959
00:48:14,231 --> 00:48:17,500
As much as you like,
960
00:48:17,533 --> 00:48:19,669
until you feel my boot
on your balls.
961
00:48:19,702 --> 00:48:22,472
You know isotopes
and you know explosives
962
00:48:22,505 --> 00:48:23,806
better than anyone in the world.
963
00:48:23,840 --> 00:48:26,442
But you can't tell us
what you're doing?
964
00:48:29,512 --> 00:48:31,748
-I don't know.
-The Nazis have them.
965
00:48:31,781 --> 00:48:33,917
-Niels Bohr's in Copenhagen.
-Under Nazi occupation.
966
00:48:33,950 --> 00:48:35,818
Did they stop printing
newspapers in Princeton?
967
00:48:35,852 --> 00:48:38,188
Why would we go
to the middle of nowhere
968
00:48:38,222 --> 00:48:39,689
for who knows how long?
969
00:48:39,722 --> 00:48:41,824
For a year or two. Or three.
970
00:48:42,825 --> 00:48:46,429
Uh, General, could you
give us a moment?
971
00:48:47,497 --> 00:48:50,566
It's about unleashing
the strong force...
972
00:48:51,701 --> 00:48:53,103
...before the Nazis do.
973
00:48:53,137 --> 00:48:55,072
Oh, my God.
974
00:48:55,105 --> 00:48:56,206
Niels won't work for the Nazis.
975
00:48:56,240 --> 00:48:57,540
No, never.
976
00:48:57,573 --> 00:48:59,876
But while they have him,
we don't.
977
00:48:59,909 --> 00:49:01,078
That's why I need you.
978
00:49:01,111 --> 00:49:03,080
Why would you think I'd do that?
979
00:49:03,113 --> 00:49:04,948
"Why?" "Why?"
980
00:49:04,981 --> 00:49:07,184
How about because this is the
most important fucking thing
981
00:49:07,217 --> 00:49:09,219
to ever happen
in the history of the world.
982
00:49:09,253 --> 00:49:10,687
How about that?
983
00:49:11,255 --> 00:49:12,689
Fuck.
984
00:49:17,627 --> 00:49:19,996
They are not gonna
let me onto this project.
985
00:49:20,030 --> 00:49:22,099
And failing a security check
is not gonna be good
986
00:49:22,132 --> 00:49:23,800
for a career,
even after the war.
987
00:49:23,833 --> 00:49:26,602
So you're a fellow traveler.
So what?
988
00:49:26,636 --> 00:49:28,004
This is a national emergency.
989
00:49:28,038 --> 00:49:31,208
I've got some skeletons,
they put me in charge.
990
00:49:31,241 --> 00:49:32,542
They need us.
991
00:49:32,575 --> 00:49:34,744
Until they don't.
992
00:49:37,814 --> 00:49:40,218
Is there any chance of getting
Bohr out of Denmark?
993
00:49:40,251 --> 00:49:43,254
Nah, no dice.
I checked with the British.
994
00:49:43,288 --> 00:49:45,589
Until we get Allied boots
back onto the continent,
995
00:49:45,622 --> 00:49:47,025
there's just no way.
996
00:49:48,559 --> 00:49:49,994
Is he that important?
997
00:49:50,028 --> 00:49:53,064
How many people do you know
who proved Einstein wrong?
998
00:49:54,132 --> 00:49:56,234
You know, it really would
be quicker to take a plane.
999
00:49:56,267 --> 00:49:58,002
No, plane's too risky.
1000
00:49:58,036 --> 00:50:00,504
Country needs us.
1001
00:50:02,873 --> 00:50:03,974
The Harvard guys,
1002
00:50:04,009 --> 00:50:06,577
they say the building's
too small for the cyclotron.
1003
00:50:08,812 --> 00:50:10,714
Get them together
with the architects.
1004
00:50:13,917 --> 00:50:15,919
When's this place
supposed to open?
1005
00:50:19,024 --> 00:50:19,823
Two months.
1006
00:50:20,958 --> 00:50:23,228
Robert, you're
the great improviser,
1007
00:50:23,261 --> 00:50:25,296
but this...
1008
00:50:25,330 --> 00:50:26,930
you can't do in your head.
1009
00:50:27,965 --> 00:50:29,566
Four divisions.
1010
00:50:30,701 --> 00:50:34,305
Experimental, Theoretical,
Metallurgical, Ordnance.
1011
00:50:34,339 --> 00:50:35,306
Who's running Theoretical?
1012
00:50:35,340 --> 00:50:36,740
I am.
1013
00:50:36,774 --> 00:50:37,975
That's what I was afraid of.
1014
00:50:38,009 --> 00:50:39,877
You're spread too thin.
1015
00:50:41,079 --> 00:50:42,780
So you take Theoretical.
1016
00:50:45,350 --> 00:50:48,585
I'm not coming here, Robert.
1017
00:50:54,225 --> 00:50:55,893
Why not?
1018
00:51:01,765 --> 00:51:05,836
You drop a bomb and it falls
on the just and the unjust.
1019
00:51:07,105 --> 00:51:09,740
I don't wish the culmination
of three centuries of physics
1020
00:51:09,773 --> 00:51:12,177
to be a weapon
of mass destruction.
1021
00:51:21,386 --> 00:51:22,719
Izzy.
1022
00:51:23,854 --> 00:51:27,991
I don't know if we can
be trusted with such a weapon.
1023
00:51:29,360 --> 00:51:32,663
But I know the Nazis can't.
1024
00:51:36,067 --> 00:51:38,869
We have no choice.
1025
00:51:40,271 --> 00:51:41,705
Then...
1026
00:51:43,041 --> 00:51:45,410
...the second thing
you'll have to do is appoint
1027
00:51:45,443 --> 00:51:47,711
Hans Bethe to run
the Theoretical division.
1028
00:51:50,081 --> 00:51:51,915
Wait, what was the first?
1029
00:51:51,949 --> 00:51:54,419
Take off
that ridiculous uniform.
1030
00:51:54,452 --> 00:51:55,652
You're a scientist.
1031
00:51:55,686 --> 00:51:57,288
Groves is insisting we join.
1032
00:51:57,322 --> 00:51:59,757
Tell Groves to go
shit in his hat.
1033
00:51:59,791 --> 00:52:03,262
They need us for who we are.
So be yourself.
1034
00:52:03,295 --> 00:52:05,264
Only better.
1035
00:52:44,303 --> 00:52:46,338
This is the only key.
1036
00:52:46,372 --> 00:52:47,805
And Teller's already here.
1037
00:52:47,839 --> 00:52:49,707
Shall I just show him in?
1038
00:52:49,741 --> 00:52:51,410
No, let's wait for the others.
1039
00:52:59,351 --> 00:53:00,352
Let's get started.
1040
00:53:00,386 --> 00:53:02,454
Hello, Edward.
1041
00:53:02,488 --> 00:53:04,190
Yes.
1042
00:53:04,223 --> 00:53:05,924
Gentlemen, so, we will work here
1043
00:53:05,957 --> 00:53:08,960
until the T-section
at Los Alamos is finished.
1044
00:53:08,993 --> 00:53:11,297
-Edward, can I please...
-It is more important.
1045
00:53:13,365 --> 00:53:15,334
When I calculated
the chain reaction,
1046
00:53:15,367 --> 00:53:18,070
I found a rather
troubling possibility.
1047
00:53:18,103 --> 00:53:20,206
No.
1048
00:53:20,239 --> 00:53:21,473
But this can't be right.
1049
00:53:21,507 --> 00:53:23,442
Show me how
you did your calculations.
1050
00:53:23,475 --> 00:53:24,876
Yes.
1051
00:53:28,380 --> 00:53:29,448
It's exponential.
1052
00:53:29,481 --> 00:53:31,950
No. No, no, no. No.
1053
00:53:34,486 --> 00:53:36,488
This is fantasy.
1054
00:53:36,522 --> 00:53:38,790
Teller's calculations
can't be right.
1055
00:53:38,823 --> 00:53:41,493
Do them yourself
while I go to Princeton.
1056
00:53:41,527 --> 00:53:43,362
-What for?
-To talk to Einstein.
1057
00:53:43,395 --> 00:53:45,964
Well, there's not much
common ground between you two.
1058
00:53:45,997 --> 00:53:49,034
That's why
I should get his view.
1059
00:53:52,471 --> 00:53:54,473
-Albert.
-Hmm?
1060
00:53:54,506 --> 00:53:57,409
Ah. Dr. Oppenheimer.
1061
00:53:57,443 --> 00:53:58,910
Well, have you met Dr. Gödel?
1062
00:53:58,943 --> 00:54:00,512
We walk here most days.
1063
00:54:00,546 --> 00:54:05,351
Trees are the most
inspiring structures.
1064
00:54:05,384 --> 00:54:06,851
Albert, might I have a word?
1065
00:54:06,884 --> 00:54:10,289
Of course. 'Scuse me, Kurt.
1066
00:54:11,290 --> 00:54:14,226
You know, some days,
Kurt refuses to eat.
1067
00:54:14,260 --> 00:54:15,860
Even in Princeton.
1068
00:54:15,893 --> 00:54:18,997
He's convinced that the Nazis
can poison his food.
1069
00:54:19,031 --> 00:54:20,299
Mm.
1070
00:54:20,332 --> 00:54:22,168
Hmm? Huh.
1071
00:54:24,037 --> 00:54:25,871
Wha...
1072
00:54:30,410 --> 00:54:33,246
Whose... Whose work is this?
1073
00:54:33,280 --> 00:54:34,314
Teller's.
1074
00:54:35,448 --> 00:54:37,916
What do you take it to mean?
1075
00:54:37,950 --> 00:54:39,885
Neutrons smash into nucleus,
1076
00:54:39,918 --> 00:54:43,956
releasing neutrons
to smash into other nuclei.
1077
00:54:43,989 --> 00:54:46,192
Criticality,
a point of no return,
1078
00:54:46,226 --> 00:54:47,826
massive explosive force.
1079
00:54:47,860 --> 00:54:50,196
But this time,
the chain reaction doesn't stop.
1080
00:54:51,097 --> 00:54:54,067
It would ignite the atmosphere.
1081
00:54:55,135 --> 00:54:57,103
When we detonate
an atomic device,
1082
00:54:57,137 --> 00:54:59,306
we might start
a chain reaction that...
1083
00:55:00,273 --> 00:55:01,807
...destroys the world.
1084
00:55:02,975 --> 00:55:04,877
So here we are, hmm?
1085
00:55:04,910 --> 00:55:09,215
Lost in your quantum world
of probabilities
1086
00:55:09,249 --> 00:55:10,983
and needing certainty.
1087
00:55:11,017 --> 00:55:13,886
Can you run
the calculations yourself?
1088
00:55:13,919 --> 00:55:15,322
About the only thing
1089
00:55:15,355 --> 00:55:18,625
you and I have in common
is a disdain for mathematics.
1090
00:55:18,658 --> 00:55:21,227
Who's working on this
in-in Berkeley?
1091
00:55:21,261 --> 00:55:22,562
Hans Bethe.
1092
00:55:22,595 --> 00:55:24,431
Well, he'll get to the truth.
1093
00:55:26,066 --> 00:55:28,934
And if the truth
is catastrophic?
1094
00:55:28,967 --> 00:55:30,270
Then you stop.
1095
00:55:30,303 --> 00:55:34,040
And you share your findings
with the Nazis.
1096
00:55:34,074 --> 00:55:37,210
So neither side
destroys the world.
1097
00:55:40,413 --> 00:55:41,448
Robert.
1098
00:55:42,915 --> 00:55:46,119
This is yours, not mine.
1099
00:55:58,997 --> 00:56:00,400
Teller's wrong.
1100
00:56:00,433 --> 00:56:01,634
He's wrong.
1101
00:56:11,311 --> 00:56:14,013
When you know
Teller's critical assumptions,
1102
00:56:14,047 --> 00:56:15,382
the real picture emerges.
1103
00:56:15,415 --> 00:56:17,217
Bottom line?
1104
00:56:17,250 --> 00:56:19,352
The chances of an uncontrolled
nuclear reaction
1105
00:56:19,386 --> 00:56:20,387
are near zero.
1106
00:56:20,420 --> 00:56:23,056
Near zero.
1107
00:56:23,089 --> 00:56:25,358
-Oppie, this is good news.
-Mm.
1108
00:56:26,693 --> 00:56:27,926
Can you run them again?
1109
00:56:27,960 --> 00:56:29,696
No, you'll get the same answer.
1110
00:56:29,729 --> 00:56:31,297
Till they actually detonate
one of these things,
1111
00:56:31,331 --> 00:56:34,167
the best assurance
you're going to get is this.
1112
00:56:34,200 --> 00:56:35,268
Near zero.
1113
00:56:37,470 --> 00:56:40,140
Theory
will take you only so far.
1114
00:56:40,173 --> 00:56:41,674
-Mm.
-Hello!
1115
00:56:41,708 --> 00:56:43,010
-Hello, you.
-Hi.
1116
00:56:43,043 --> 00:56:44,378
We missed him.
1117
00:56:44,412 --> 00:56:45,546
You want to adopt?
1118
00:56:45,579 --> 00:56:46,980
She's kidding.
1119
00:56:47,014 --> 00:56:48,948
We wanted to see you
before we left.
1120
00:56:48,982 --> 00:56:52,153
For parts unknown.
1121
00:56:52,186 --> 00:56:54,722
You know who
I ran into the other day?
1122
00:56:54,755 --> 00:56:56,390
Eltenton.
1123
00:56:56,424 --> 00:56:57,691
Oh.
1124
00:56:57,725 --> 00:56:59,427
The chemist from Shell?
The union guy?
1125
00:56:59,460 --> 00:57:03,330
Yeah. He...
The, uh, F.A.E.C.T. guy.
1126
00:57:03,364 --> 00:57:06,734
He was moaning about
how we're handling the war.
1127
00:57:06,767 --> 00:57:08,968
How so?
1128
00:57:09,002 --> 00:57:11,739
Lack of cooperation
with our allies.
1129
00:57:11,772 --> 00:57:14,108
Apparently
our government's not sharing
1130
00:57:14,141 --> 00:57:16,243
any research with the Russians.
1131
00:57:16,277 --> 00:57:17,244
Well, he said,
1132
00:57:17,278 --> 00:57:20,014
"Most scientists think
the policy is stupid."
1133
00:57:23,350 --> 00:57:25,186
-Oh, yeah?
-Yeah.
1134
00:57:25,219 --> 00:57:27,588
He mentioned that if anyone
1135
00:57:27,621 --> 00:57:30,591
had anything
they wanted to pass on,
1136
00:57:30,624 --> 00:57:32,460
uh, going around
official channels,
1137
00:57:32,493 --> 00:57:34,428
that he could help.
1138
00:57:43,070 --> 00:57:44,738
That would be treason.
1139
00:57:44,772 --> 00:57:47,608
Yes, of course.
1140
00:57:47,641 --> 00:57:49,443
I just thought you should know.
1141
00:57:52,580 --> 00:57:54,048
The brat is down.
1142
00:57:54,081 --> 00:57:55,449
Where are the martinis?
1143
00:58:00,654 --> 00:58:02,156
Coming right up.
1144
00:58:02,189 --> 00:58:03,657
Conversation ended there.
1145
00:58:03,691 --> 00:58:05,793
Nothing in our
long-standing friendship
1146
00:58:05,826 --> 00:58:07,394
would have led me to believe
1147
00:58:07,428 --> 00:58:10,164
that Chevalier was actually
seeking information,
1148
00:58:10,197 --> 00:58:12,666
and I am certain
that he had no idea
1149
00:58:12,700 --> 00:58:15,001
of the work in which
I was engaged.
1150
00:58:19,540 --> 00:58:21,509
It has long been clear to me
1151
00:58:21,542 --> 00:58:24,245
that I should have reported
this incident at once.
1152
00:58:24,278 --> 00:58:25,779
The Oppenheimer situation
1153
00:58:25,813 --> 00:58:28,716
highlights the tension
between scientists
1154
00:58:28,749 --> 00:58:30,351
and the security apparatus.
1155
00:58:30,384 --> 00:58:32,253
In hopes of learning
how the nominee handled
1156
00:58:32,286 --> 00:58:34,622
such issues during
his time at the AEC,
1157
00:58:34,655 --> 00:58:38,158
we'll have a scientist
appearing before the committee.
1158
00:58:38,826 --> 00:58:40,394
Who are they bringing in?
1159
00:58:40,427 --> 00:58:41,395
They hadn't said.
1160
00:58:41,428 --> 00:58:42,796
Mr. Chairman, if I may,
1161
00:58:42,830 --> 00:58:45,366
I'm nominated
for Commerce Secretary.
1162
00:58:45,399 --> 00:58:47,701
Why seek the opinion
of scientists?
1163
00:58:47,735 --> 00:58:50,070
This is a Cabinet post, Admiral.
1164
00:58:50,104 --> 00:58:52,273
We seek a wide range of opinion.
1165
00:58:52,306 --> 00:58:55,109
Well, I'd like to know the name
of the scientist testifying.
1166
00:58:55,142 --> 00:58:56,644
I'd like the chance
to cross-examine.
1167
00:58:56,677 --> 00:58:58,812
This is not a court.
1168
00:58:58,846 --> 00:59:01,248
Formality, huh?
1169
00:59:01,282 --> 00:59:02,550
No presidential Cabinet nominee
1170
00:59:02,583 --> 00:59:05,153
has failed to be confirmed
since 1925.
1171
00:59:05,186 --> 00:59:07,289
This is just how
the game is played.
1172
00:59:07,322 --> 00:59:08,623
It's in the bag, Lewis.
1173
00:59:08,657 --> 00:59:09,858
So play nice.
1174
00:59:09,891 --> 00:59:12,160
They bring in a scientist,
so what?
1175
00:59:12,193 --> 00:59:14,195
You don't know scientists
like I do, Counselor.
1176
00:59:14,229 --> 00:59:16,264
They resent anyone
who questions their judgment,
1177
00:59:16,298 --> 00:59:18,300
especially if you're
not one of them.
1178
00:59:18,333 --> 00:59:19,634
I was chair of the AEC.
1179
00:59:19,668 --> 00:59:22,103
I'm easy to blame
for what happened to Robert.
1180
00:59:22,137 --> 00:59:23,438
We can't have
the Senate thinking
1181
00:59:23,471 --> 00:59:26,575
the scientific community
doesn't support you, sir.
1182
00:59:26,608 --> 00:59:28,443
Or should we pivot?
1183
00:59:28,476 --> 00:59:30,445
-To what?
-And embrace it.
1184
00:59:30,478 --> 00:59:33,248
"I fought Oppenheimer,
and the US won."
1185
00:59:33,281 --> 00:59:34,849
I-I don't think
we need to go there.
1186
00:59:34,883 --> 00:59:37,152
Isn't there someone we can call
who knows what really happened?
1187
00:59:37,185 --> 00:59:38,620
-Teller.
-He'll make an impression.
1188
00:59:38,653 --> 00:59:40,722
Can you get the name of
the scientist they've called?
1189
00:59:40,755 --> 00:59:42,324
-Probably.
-Find out if he was
1190
00:59:42,357 --> 00:59:44,726
based in Chicago
or Los Alamos during the war.
1191
00:59:44,759 --> 00:59:46,127
Why does that matter?
1192
00:59:46,161 --> 00:59:47,362
Well, if he was
based in Chicago,
1193
00:59:47,395 --> 00:59:48,797
then he worked
under Szilard and Fermi,
1194
00:59:48,830 --> 00:59:51,132
not the cult of Oppie
at Los Alamos.
1195
00:59:51,166 --> 00:59:52,400
Robert built that damn place.
1196
00:59:52,434 --> 00:59:55,203
He was founder, mayor, sheriff,
1197
00:59:55,236 --> 00:59:56,638
all rolled into one.
1198
01:00:09,584 --> 01:00:11,386
All it needs is a saloon.
1199
01:00:39,814 --> 01:00:42,384
There's no kitchen.
1200
01:00:42,417 --> 01:00:46,354
Really? We'll fix that.
1201
01:00:52,260 --> 01:00:55,664
Barbed wire, guns.
1202
01:00:55,697 --> 01:00:56,798
Oppie.
1203
01:00:56,831 --> 01:00:58,466
We're at war, Hans.
1204
01:01:00,869 --> 01:01:03,438
Halifax. 1917.
1205
01:01:03,471 --> 01:01:06,441
A cargo ship carrying munitions
explodes in the harbor.
1206
01:01:08,843 --> 01:01:11,780
A vast and sudden
chemical reaction.
1207
01:01:15,450 --> 01:01:18,286
The biggest man-made
explosion in history.
1208
01:01:18,319 --> 01:01:20,288
Now let's calculate
how much more destructive
1209
01:01:20,321 --> 01:01:22,991
it would have been
if it were a nuclear
1210
01:01:23,025 --> 01:01:24,693
and not a chemical reaction.
1211
01:01:24,726 --> 01:01:28,364
Expressing power in terms
of tons of TNT.
1212
01:01:28,397 --> 01:01:29,899
But it will be thousands.
1213
01:01:29,932 --> 01:01:33,369
Well, then kilotons.
1214
01:01:36,939 --> 01:01:40,309
Using U-235,
1215
01:01:40,342 --> 01:01:42,912
-the bomb will need a...
-Uh-uh.
1216
01:01:42,945 --> 01:01:46,016
Sorry. Gadget will need
a 33-pound sphere
1217
01:01:46,049 --> 01:01:47,516
about this size.
1218
01:01:47,550 --> 01:01:51,353
Or using plutonium,
the ten-pound sphere.
1219
01:01:52,755 --> 01:01:53,989
Here's the amount of uranium
1220
01:01:54,024 --> 01:01:57,359
Oak Ridge refined
all of last month.
1221
01:01:59,762 --> 01:02:03,766
And the Hanford plant
made this much plutonium.
1222
01:02:04,900 --> 01:02:08,003
Now, if we can enrich
these amounts,
1223
01:02:08,038 --> 01:02:10,840
we need a way to detonate them.
1224
01:02:10,873 --> 01:02:12,975
Are we boring you, Edward?
1225
01:02:13,008 --> 01:02:14,610
A little bit, yes.
1226
01:02:14,643 --> 01:02:15,878
May I ask why?
1227
01:02:15,911 --> 01:02:17,346
We all entered this room
1228
01:02:17,379 --> 01:02:19,315
knowing a fission bomb
was possible.
1229
01:02:19,348 --> 01:02:21,951
How 'bout we leave it
with something new?
1230
01:02:21,984 --> 01:02:22,985
Such as?
1231
01:02:23,019 --> 01:02:25,755
Instead of uranium or plutonium,
1232
01:02:25,788 --> 01:02:26,789
we use hydrogen.
1233
01:02:28,357 --> 01:02:29,959
-Heavy hydrogen.
-Hydrogen.
1234
01:02:29,992 --> 01:02:32,762
Deuterium. You see?
1235
01:02:32,795 --> 01:02:34,497
We compact the atoms together
1236
01:02:34,530 --> 01:02:37,600
under great pressure
to induce a fusion reaction.
1237
01:02:38,534 --> 01:02:41,370
Then we'll get not kilotons,
1238
01:02:41,403 --> 01:02:42,471
but megatons.
1239
01:02:42,505 --> 01:02:43,439
A big fission reaction...
1240
01:02:43,472 --> 01:02:45,041
Okay, hang on, hang on.
1241
01:02:45,075 --> 01:02:49,779
So how do you generate enough
force to fuse hydrogen atoms?
1242
01:02:49,812 --> 01:02:51,881
A small fission bomb.
1243
01:02:51,914 --> 01:02:53,616
There we are.
1244
01:02:55,551 --> 01:02:57,353
Well, since we're going
to need one anyway,
1245
01:02:57,386 --> 01:02:59,355
can we get back
to the business at hand?
1246
01:02:59,388 --> 01:03:00,723
The isotopes issue
1247
01:03:00,756 --> 01:03:04,393
wasn't your most important
policy disagreement
1248
01:03:04,426 --> 01:03:06,062
with Dr. Oppenheimer.
1249
01:03:06,096 --> 01:03:08,497
It was the hydrogen bomb,
wasn't it?
1250
01:03:08,531 --> 01:03:11,400
Uh, as colleagues,
we agreed to disagree
1251
01:03:11,433 --> 01:03:13,435
on a great many things, uh,
1252
01:03:13,469 --> 01:03:14,703
and, well, one of them
1253
01:03:14,737 --> 01:03:17,807
was the need
for an H-bomb program, yes.
1254
01:03:30,653 --> 01:03:33,422
Thanks for convening
on short notice.
1255
01:03:33,455 --> 01:03:34,924
I can't believe it.
1256
01:03:35,925 --> 01:03:37,459
Well, here we are.
1257
01:03:37,493 --> 01:03:39,495
Catch me up. What do we know?
1258
01:03:39,528 --> 01:03:42,032
One of our B-29s
over the North Pacific
1259
01:03:42,065 --> 01:03:43,566
has detected radiation.
1260
01:03:43,599 --> 01:03:45,367
Do we have the filter papers?
1261
01:03:45,401 --> 01:03:47,404
There's no doubt what this is.
1262
01:03:47,437 --> 01:03:48,638
White House says
there's a doubt.
1263
01:03:48,672 --> 01:03:50,107
Wishful thinking, I'm afraid.
1264
01:03:50,141 --> 01:03:52,843
Are those the long-range
detection filter papers?
1265
01:03:53,777 --> 01:03:55,846
It's an atomic test.
1266
01:03:58,481 --> 01:03:59,883
The Russians have a bomb.
1267
01:03:59,916 --> 01:04:03,653
We're supposed to be years
ahead of them, but some...
1268
01:04:03,687 --> 01:04:05,989
What were you guys
doing at Los Alamos?
1269
01:04:06,023 --> 01:04:07,158
Wasn't security tight?
1270
01:04:07,191 --> 01:04:08,692
Of course it was.
You weren't there.
1271
01:04:08,725 --> 01:04:11,128
-It was...
-Forgive me, Doctor...
1272
01:04:11,162 --> 01:04:13,597
but I was there.
1273
01:04:14,664 --> 01:04:15,999
We can now consider
1274
01:04:16,033 --> 01:04:17,968
the actual mechanics
of detonation.
1275
01:04:18,001 --> 01:04:19,136
Any ideas?
1276
01:04:19,170 --> 01:04:20,904
I call this "shooting."
1277
01:04:20,937 --> 01:04:24,474
We fire a chunk of fissionable
material into a larger sphere
1278
01:04:24,507 --> 01:04:27,010
with enough force
to achieve criticality.
1279
01:04:27,044 --> 01:04:28,712
What do we think? Anyone?
1280
01:04:28,745 --> 01:04:30,547
I've been
thinking about implosion.
1281
01:04:30,580 --> 01:04:32,549
Explosives around the sphere
blast inwards,
1282
01:04:32,582 --> 01:04:34,618
crushing the material.
1283
01:04:34,651 --> 01:04:36,586
I'd like to investigate
that idea.
1284
01:04:36,620 --> 01:04:38,922
I'll talk to Ordnance,
get you blowing things up.
1285
01:04:39,923 --> 01:04:41,025
Progress?
1286
01:04:41,058 --> 01:04:42,893
Nice to see you too.
1287
01:04:42,926 --> 01:04:44,694
Meet the British contingent.
1288
01:04:44,728 --> 01:04:46,563
Dr. Oppenheimer, Klaus Fuchs.
1289
01:04:46,596 --> 01:04:48,465
How long have you been British?
1290
01:04:48,498 --> 01:04:49,699
Since Hitler told me
I wasn't German.
1291
01:04:49,733 --> 01:04:53,536
Uh-huh.
Come, welcome to Los Alamos.
1292
01:04:53,570 --> 01:04:55,438
School's up and running.
1293
01:04:55,472 --> 01:04:57,774
Bar. Always running.
1294
01:04:57,807 --> 01:05:00,810
And I thought of a way
to reduce support staff.
1295
01:05:01,778 --> 01:05:03,780
-Is that...
-Mrs. Serber, yes.
1296
01:05:03,813 --> 01:05:05,216
I've offered jobs
to all the wives.
1297
01:05:05,249 --> 01:05:06,716
Admin, librarians, computation.
1298
01:05:06,750 --> 01:05:09,053
We cut down on staff,
keep families together.
1299
01:05:09,086 --> 01:05:11,655
-Are these women qualified?
-Don't be absurd.
1300
01:05:11,688 --> 01:05:14,058
These are some of the brightest
minds in our community.
1301
01:05:14,091 --> 01:05:15,659
And they're already
security cleared.
1302
01:05:15,692 --> 01:05:17,560
I've informed General Groves
you've been holding
1303
01:05:17,594 --> 01:05:19,063
cross-divisional
open discussions
1304
01:05:19,096 --> 01:05:20,797
-on a nightly basis.
-Shut them down.
1305
01:05:20,830 --> 01:05:23,167
Compartmentalization is the
key to maintaining security...
1306
01:05:23,200 --> 01:05:24,701
It's only the top men.
1307
01:05:24,734 --> 01:05:26,569
Who presumably communicate
with subordinates.
1308
01:05:26,603 --> 01:05:27,804
These men aren't stupid.
1309
01:05:27,837 --> 01:05:29,673
-They can be discreet.
-I don't like it.
1310
01:05:29,706 --> 01:05:32,609
You don't like anything enough
for that to be a fair test.
1311
01:05:38,149 --> 01:05:40,684
Once a week. Top men only.
1312
01:05:40,717 --> 01:05:42,086
I'd like to bring
my brother here.
1313
01:05:42,119 --> 01:05:43,586
No.
1314
01:05:44,221 --> 01:05:45,989
Uh, Nichols...
1315
01:05:47,124 --> 01:05:49,060
I still haven't heard
that my security clearance
1316
01:05:49,093 --> 01:05:50,660
-has been approved.
-It hasn't.
1317
01:05:50,694 --> 01:05:52,063
We're going to Chicago tomorrow.
1318
01:05:52,096 --> 01:05:53,130
No, you should wait.
1319
01:05:54,332 --> 01:05:55,433
You are aware that the Nazis
have a two-year head start.
1320
01:05:55,465 --> 01:05:58,535
Dr. Oppenheimer, the fact
that your security clearance
1321
01:05:58,568 --> 01:06:00,570
is proving difficult to obtain
is not my fault.
1322
01:06:00,603 --> 01:06:01,871
It's yours.
1323
01:06:01,905 --> 01:06:03,840
May not be your fault,
but it's your problem.
1324
01:06:03,873 --> 01:06:04,874
Because I'm going.
1325
01:06:04,908 --> 01:06:08,679
And how many people
were in these, uh,
1326
01:06:08,713 --> 01:06:10,915
-open discussions?
-Too many.
1327
01:06:10,948 --> 01:06:12,284
Compartmentalization was
supposed to be the protocol.
1328
01:06:12,317 --> 01:06:14,252
We were in a race
against the Nazis.
1329
01:06:14,286 --> 01:06:16,721
And now the race
is against the Soviets.
1330
01:06:16,754 --> 01:06:18,256
-Not unless we start it.
-Robert.
1331
01:06:18,290 --> 01:06:21,692
They just fired a starting gun.
1332
01:06:21,726 --> 01:06:23,694
What's the nature
of the device they detonated?
1333
01:06:23,728 --> 01:06:25,263
The data indicates
it may have been
1334
01:06:25,297 --> 01:06:27,598
a plutonium implosion device.
1335
01:06:27,631 --> 01:06:30,735
Like the one you built
at Los Alamos.
1336
01:06:30,768 --> 01:06:32,603
The Russians have a bomb,
1337
01:06:32,636 --> 01:06:33,904
Truman needs to know
what's next.
1338
01:06:33,938 --> 01:06:35,740
What's next? Arms talks.
1339
01:06:35,773 --> 01:06:37,641
-Arms talks.
-Obviously.
1340
01:06:38,576 --> 01:06:39,777
What about the Super?
1341
01:06:39,810 --> 01:06:41,545
Does Truman even know about it?
1342
01:06:41,579 --> 01:06:43,581
Did we brief him on that?
1343
01:06:43,614 --> 01:06:44,682
Not specifically.
1344
01:06:44,715 --> 01:06:46,018
We still don't know
1345
01:06:46,051 --> 01:06:47,818
if a hydrogen bomb's
technically feasible.
1346
01:06:47,852 --> 01:06:49,754
Right, my understanding
is that Teller proposed it?
1347
01:06:49,787 --> 01:06:51,622
-Yes.
-At Los Alamos?
1348
01:06:51,655 --> 01:06:53,291
Teller's designs have always
been wildly impractical.
1349
01:06:53,325 --> 01:06:55,659
You'd have to deliver
by ox cart.
1350
01:06:55,693 --> 01:06:56,961
-Not airplane.
-Oppie.
1351
01:06:56,994 --> 01:07:00,698
I'm sorry, Dr. Lawrence,
you want to comment?
1352
01:07:01,932 --> 01:07:03,035
No.
1353
01:07:04,902 --> 01:07:07,172
Because if it can
put us ahead again,
1354
01:07:07,205 --> 01:07:10,242
the President
of the United States
1355
01:07:10,275 --> 01:07:12,277
needs to know about it.
1356
01:07:13,811 --> 01:07:15,613
And if the Russians
know about it already,
1357
01:07:15,646 --> 01:07:18,649
from a spy at Los Alamos,
1358
01:07:18,682 --> 01:07:19,984
then we've gotta get going.
1359
01:07:20,018 --> 01:07:22,987
There's no proof there was
a spy at Los Alamos.
1360
01:07:23,021 --> 01:07:24,089
Robert.
1361
01:07:28,926 --> 01:07:30,694
They put it under
the football stadium?
1362
01:07:30,728 --> 01:07:32,663
The field's not in use anymore.
1363
01:07:32,696 --> 01:07:34,932
Just as well.
1364
01:07:36,234 --> 01:07:38,669
-Oppie.
-Dr. Fermi.
1365
01:07:41,373 --> 01:07:42,706
I hear you got a little town.
1366
01:07:42,740 --> 01:07:43,974
Yes. Come and see.
1367
01:07:45,709 --> 01:07:49,814
Who could think straight
in a place like that? Huh?
1368
01:07:49,847 --> 01:07:51,782
Everybody will go crazy.
1369
01:07:51,816 --> 01:07:55,686
Thank you for the vote
of confidence, Szilard.
1370
01:07:55,719 --> 01:07:59,357
Do we really... do we really
need that in the notes?
1371
01:07:59,391 --> 01:08:01,826
When are you going
to try it out?
1372
01:08:01,859 --> 01:08:02,893
We did.
1373
01:08:02,927 --> 01:08:07,299
The first self-sustaining
nuclear chain reaction.
1374
01:08:07,332 --> 01:08:08,966
Didn't Groves tell you?
1375
01:08:08,999 --> 01:08:10,634
No.
1376
01:08:15,140 --> 01:08:18,243
One at a time, please,
one at a time.
1377
01:08:18,276 --> 01:08:19,743
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1378
01:08:20,845 --> 01:08:23,315
I tried Personnel.
They asked if I could type.
1379
01:08:23,348 --> 01:08:24,648
Can you?
1380
01:08:24,682 --> 01:08:25,816
Harvard forgot to teach that
1381
01:08:25,850 --> 01:08:27,685
on the graduate
chemistry course.
1382
01:08:29,054 --> 01:08:31,957
Condon, put Mrs. Hornig here
on the plutonium team.
1383
01:08:37,729 --> 01:08:39,398
What the hell
were you doing in Chicago?
1384
01:08:39,432 --> 01:08:40,899
Visiting the Met?
1385
01:08:40,932 --> 01:08:41,933
-Why? Why?
-Well, you can't talk to...
1386
01:08:41,967 --> 01:08:44,002
Because we have every right...
1387
01:08:44,036 --> 01:08:46,372
You have just the rights
that I give you.
1388
01:08:46,405 --> 01:08:47,873
No more, no less.
1389
01:08:47,906 --> 01:08:50,343
We are adults
trying to run a project here.
1390
01:08:50,376 --> 01:08:52,078
This is ridiculous.
1391
01:08:52,111 --> 01:08:53,879
Tell him.
1392
01:08:53,912 --> 01:08:57,049
Compartmentalization
is the protocol we agreed to.
1393
01:08:58,184 --> 01:08:59,418
Enough of this madhouse.
1394
01:08:59,452 --> 01:09:01,820
Nobody can work
under these conditions.
1395
01:09:01,853 --> 01:09:06,292
You know what, Generalissimo?
I quit.
1396
01:09:06,325 --> 01:09:07,726
Thanks for nothing.
1397
01:09:09,828 --> 01:09:11,330
Better off without him.
1398
01:09:12,764 --> 01:09:13,798
Aren't you more concerned
1399
01:09:13,832 --> 01:09:16,202
about his discretion out there?
1400
01:09:16,235 --> 01:09:18,638
We'll have him killed.
1401
01:09:19,472 --> 01:09:22,041
I was just kidding.
1402
01:09:22,074 --> 01:09:25,010
-No, he hates me, not America.
-You know, General,
1403
01:09:25,044 --> 01:09:27,380
not everyone has levers
to pull like mine.
1404
01:09:27,413 --> 01:09:29,248
I don't think I understand.
1405
01:09:29,282 --> 01:09:31,450
You didn't hire me
despite my left-wing past.
1406
01:09:31,484 --> 01:09:33,219
You hired me because of it.
1407
01:09:34,220 --> 01:09:36,189
So you could control me.
1408
01:09:36,222 --> 01:09:38,823
Well, I'm not that subtle.
1409
01:09:38,857 --> 01:09:40,892
I'm just a humble soldier.
1410
01:09:40,926 --> 01:09:42,428
You're neither humble
nor just a soldier.
1411
01:09:42,461 --> 01:09:43,462
You studied engineering at MIT.
1412
01:09:43,496 --> 01:09:45,331
Guilty as charged.
1413
01:09:45,364 --> 01:09:46,865
Well, now we understand
each other,
1414
01:09:46,898 --> 01:09:48,334
perhaps you can get me
my security clearance
1415
01:09:48,367 --> 01:09:51,170
so I can perform
this miracle for you.
1416
01:09:56,075 --> 01:09:57,809
General Groves, were you aware
1417
01:09:57,842 --> 01:10:00,146
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
left-wing associations
1418
01:10:00,179 --> 01:10:01,846
when you appointed him?
1419
01:10:01,880 --> 01:10:03,516
I was aware that there
were suspicions about him.
1420
01:10:03,549 --> 01:10:05,418
I was aware he had
a very extreme
1421
01:10:05,451 --> 01:10:06,818
liberal background.
1422
01:10:06,851 --> 01:10:08,454
In your opinion,
would he ever consciously
1423
01:10:08,487 --> 01:10:09,788
commit a disloyal act?
1424
01:10:09,821 --> 01:10:11,424
I would be amazed if he did.
1425
01:10:11,457 --> 01:10:14,527
So you had complete
confidence in his integrity.
1426
01:10:14,560 --> 01:10:15,961
At Los Alamos, yes,
1427
01:10:15,994 --> 01:10:17,330
which is where
I really knew him.
1428
01:10:17,363 --> 01:10:19,332
General,
did your security officers
1429
01:10:19,365 --> 01:10:20,832
on the project advise you
1430
01:10:20,865 --> 01:10:22,335
against the clearance
of Dr. Oppenheimer?
1431
01:10:22,368 --> 01:10:26,172
They could not and would not
clear him until I insisted.
1432
01:10:26,205 --> 01:10:28,840
And it's safe to say that you
had a pretty good knowledge
1433
01:10:28,873 --> 01:10:30,109
of Dr. Oppenheimer's
security file.
1434
01:10:30,142 --> 01:10:31,810
I did.
1435
01:10:31,843 --> 01:10:33,011
Well, then there's only
really one question
1436
01:10:33,045 --> 01:10:34,513
I need answered here today.
1437
01:10:34,547 --> 01:10:36,249
In light of
the current AEC guidelines,
1438
01:10:36,282 --> 01:10:38,984
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1439
01:10:39,018 --> 01:10:41,087
Do you have the guidelines?
1440
01:10:48,160 --> 01:10:50,830
Under current AEC guidelines,
1441
01:10:50,863 --> 01:10:52,898
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
1442
01:11:05,112 --> 01:11:08,914
Physics and New Mexico, huh?
1443
01:11:08,948 --> 01:11:11,984
My God. What a trek.
1444
01:11:12,019 --> 01:11:13,487
That's why you need a liaison.
1445
01:11:13,520 --> 01:11:15,055
I'm appointing Lomanitz.
1446
01:11:16,223 --> 01:11:17,291
You're gonna be okay.
1447
01:11:17,324 --> 01:11:18,492
This way, gentlemen.
1448
01:11:28,468 --> 01:11:30,304
-Dr. Lawrence.
-Leslie.
1449
01:11:30,337 --> 01:11:32,905
I'd like to remind you what
we talked about in Berkeley.
1450
01:11:32,938 --> 01:11:35,275
Compartmentalization.
I understand completely.
1451
01:11:38,445 --> 01:11:39,446
Okay.
1452
01:11:40,614 --> 01:11:42,049
Thank you.
1453
01:11:49,955 --> 01:11:51,191
Greetings from Berkeley.
1454
01:11:51,224 --> 01:11:53,360
I am here to update you
on our progress
1455
01:11:53,393 --> 01:11:54,927
and solicit your input.
1456
01:11:54,960 --> 01:11:56,330
To do so,
I am going to have to share
1457
01:11:56,363 --> 01:12:00,033
a few things that
General Groves told me not to.
1458
01:12:00,067 --> 01:12:01,867
Sorry, General,
I said I understood,
1459
01:12:01,901 --> 01:12:02,968
not that I agreed.
1460
01:12:03,002 --> 01:12:04,538
'Kay.
1461
01:12:04,571 --> 01:12:06,606
Gentlemen, to business.
1462
01:12:06,640 --> 01:12:09,008
There were rumors of espionage
at Los Alamos.
1463
01:12:09,042 --> 01:12:10,510
Unsubstantiated.
Unsubstantiated.
1464
01:12:10,544 --> 01:12:12,011
I'm told
1465
01:12:12,045 --> 01:12:13,347
that there were Communists
on the project.
1466
01:12:13,380 --> 01:12:15,148
We didn't knowingly
employ any Communists.
1467
01:12:15,182 --> 01:12:16,949
I just want to know,
were any of them involved
1468
01:12:16,982 --> 01:12:18,452
in discussions of the Super?
1469
01:12:18,485 --> 01:12:20,654
I seem to remember you demanding
your brother come to Los Alamos.
1470
01:12:20,687 --> 01:12:22,955
My brother had left
the Party by then.
1471
01:12:22,988 --> 01:12:24,224
What about Lomanitz?
1472
01:12:24,257 --> 01:12:25,991
Lomanitz was never
employed at Los Alamos.
1473
01:12:26,026 --> 01:12:27,027
He was a liaison.
1474
01:12:27,060 --> 01:12:28,228
Our security was tight,
1475
01:12:28,261 --> 01:12:29,629
as former Colonel Nichols
well knows.
1476
01:12:29,663 --> 01:12:31,231
Our security was as tight
as it could be
1477
01:12:31,264 --> 01:12:32,632
given the personalities
involved,
1478
01:12:32,666 --> 01:12:34,501
but attempts were made.
1479
01:12:34,534 --> 01:12:35,535
What is that supposed to mean?
1480
01:12:35,569 --> 01:12:37,137
We've all read his file here.
1481
01:12:38,171 --> 01:12:40,173
Do we need to talk
about Jean Tatlock?
1482
01:12:40,707 --> 01:12:42,875
Or the Chevalier incident?
1483
01:12:47,481 --> 01:12:48,881
'Scuse me.
1484
01:12:52,185 --> 01:12:54,154
That's Lomanitz, line one.
1485
01:13:00,026 --> 01:13:01,061
Hello, Rossi.
1486
01:13:01,094 --> 01:13:04,297
What? O-Okay, just calm down.
1487
01:13:05,265 --> 01:13:08,502
There's been another screw-up.
Lomanitz just got drafted.
1488
01:13:08,535 --> 01:13:11,003
-We are at war, Doctor.
-Don't be an asshole, Nichols.
1489
01:13:11,037 --> 01:13:13,040
We need this kid.
Fix it, will you?
1490
01:13:13,074 --> 01:13:14,275
It wasn't a mistake.
1491
01:13:14,308 --> 01:13:15,643
Your friend Lomanitz
has been trying
1492
01:13:15,676 --> 01:13:17,944
to unionize the Radiation Lab.
1493
01:13:17,978 --> 01:13:19,280
He promised to quit all that.
1494
01:13:19,313 --> 01:13:21,215
Well, he hasn't.
1495
01:13:21,249 --> 01:13:23,117
Security officer at Berkeley's
concerned about
1496
01:13:23,151 --> 01:13:25,453
Communist infiltration
through that union,
1497
01:13:25,486 --> 01:13:28,089
-the F.A...
-F.A.E.C.T.
1498
01:13:30,491 --> 01:13:34,195
While I'm there next week,
I'll drop in to see him.
1499
01:13:36,464 --> 01:13:38,199
Your Q clearance came through.
1500
01:13:41,736 --> 01:13:43,171
It's important
you not maintain or renew
1501
01:13:43,204 --> 01:13:45,473
any questionable associations.
1502
01:13:50,211 --> 01:13:52,713
Doctor, did you think
social contacts
1503
01:13:52,747 --> 01:13:55,082
between a person engaged
on secret war work
1504
01:13:55,116 --> 01:13:56,484
and Communists was dangerous?
1505
01:13:56,517 --> 01:14:00,188
My awareness of the danger
would be greater today.
1506
01:14:00,221 --> 01:14:03,124
I mean, it's fair to say
that during the war years,
1507
01:14:03,157 --> 01:14:06,360
you felt that such contacts
were potentially dangerous.
1508
01:14:12,800 --> 01:14:15,770
Were conceivably dangerous, yes.
1509
01:14:15,803 --> 01:14:18,072
I mean, really,
1510
01:14:18,105 --> 01:14:20,141
known Communists.
1511
01:14:22,276 --> 01:14:24,512
Look...
1512
01:14:24,545 --> 01:14:26,080
I've had a lot of secrets
1513
01:14:26,113 --> 01:14:29,083
in my head for a long time.
1514
01:14:30,051 --> 01:14:31,319
Doesn't matter
who I associate with.
1515
01:14:31,352 --> 01:14:34,255
I don't talk about
those secrets.
1516
01:14:41,662 --> 01:14:43,297
You said in your statement
1517
01:14:43,331 --> 01:14:49,270
that you had to see
Jean Tatlock in 1943.
1518
01:14:50,738 --> 01:14:52,406
You left.
1519
01:14:53,641 --> 01:14:55,076
Not a word.
1520
01:14:55,109 --> 01:14:57,578
What did you think
that would do to me?
1521
01:14:58,679 --> 01:14:59,747
I wrote.
1522
01:14:59,780 --> 01:15:02,183
Pages of nothing.
1523
01:15:04,452 --> 01:15:06,787
Where did you go?
1524
01:15:06,821 --> 01:15:09,257
-I can't tell you.
-Why not?
1525
01:15:09,290 --> 01:15:12,026
Because you're a Communist.
1526
01:15:13,561 --> 01:15:15,429
Why did you have to see her?
1527
01:15:15,463 --> 01:15:18,566
Because she had indicated
a great desire
1528
01:15:18,599 --> 01:15:20,268
to see me before we left.
1529
01:15:20,301 --> 01:15:21,469
At that time, I couldn't,
1530
01:15:21,502 --> 01:15:25,306
but I felt that
she had to see me.
1531
01:15:25,339 --> 01:15:27,842
She was undergoing
psychiatric treatment.
1532
01:15:27,875 --> 01:15:30,111
She was extremely unhappy.
1533
01:15:30,144 --> 01:15:32,146
Did you find out
why she had to see you?
1534
01:15:37,252 --> 01:15:39,321
Because she was
still in love with me.
1535
01:15:46,528 --> 01:15:48,597
Spent the night together,
didn't you?
1536
01:15:56,572 --> 01:15:57,606
Yes.
1537
01:16:03,278 --> 01:16:07,149
You drop in and out of my life,
1538
01:16:07,182 --> 01:16:09,651
and you don't
have to tell me why.
1539
01:16:09,685 --> 01:16:11,153
Now that's power.
1540
01:16:11,186 --> 01:16:13,221
Not that I enjoy.
1541
01:16:14,189 --> 01:16:16,325
I'd rather be here
for you as you need.
1542
01:16:16,358 --> 01:16:18,827
But you have
other priorities now.
1543
01:16:18,860 --> 01:16:21,630
I have a wife and child.
1544
01:16:22,631 --> 01:16:25,434
That's not what either of us
is talking about.
1545
01:16:28,870 --> 01:16:30,739
Jean.
1546
01:16:30,772 --> 01:16:32,908
You asked me to come.
1547
01:16:32,941 --> 01:16:35,310
And I'm glad I did.
1548
01:16:35,944 --> 01:16:38,513
But I can't see you again.
1549
01:16:40,916 --> 01:16:42,618
But what if I need you?
1550
01:16:46,188 --> 01:16:49,157
You said you would
always answer.
1551
01:16:51,627 --> 01:16:52,761
Not a word?
1552
01:16:54,030 --> 01:16:55,098
Did you think that
consistent with good security?
1553
01:16:55,130 --> 01:16:57,799
As a matter of fact, it was.
1554
01:16:57,833 --> 01:17:00,202
Not a word.
1555
01:17:00,235 --> 01:17:02,404
When did you
see her after that?
1556
01:17:10,812 --> 01:17:12,481
I never saw her again.
1557
01:17:18,687 --> 01:17:21,323
I can make the last train
back to Princeton.
1558
01:17:21,356 --> 01:17:24,526
Kitty, I didn't say anything
that I hadn't already told you.
1559
01:17:24,559 --> 01:17:26,695
Today you said it to history,
didn't you?
1560
01:17:26,728 --> 01:17:28,263
This is a closed hearing.
1561
01:17:29,965 --> 01:17:31,566
If they don't release
the transcript,
1562
01:17:31,600 --> 01:17:33,602
-I'm sure you will.
-I was under oath.
1563
01:17:33,635 --> 01:17:35,404
Well, you were
under an oath for me
1564
01:17:35,437 --> 01:17:37,239
when you went to see Jean.
1565
01:17:37,906 --> 01:17:39,341
You know, you...
1566
01:17:40,242 --> 01:17:42,544
...you sit there, day after day,
1567
01:17:42,577 --> 01:17:45,614
letting them pick our lives
to pieces.
1568
01:17:48,617 --> 01:17:50,318
Why won't you fight?
1569
01:17:53,455 --> 01:17:56,592
Robert, I'm not
putting her up there.
1570
01:18:01,731 --> 01:18:04,600
Dr. Oppenheimer, it's an honor.
Please, take a seat.
1571
01:18:04,634 --> 01:18:08,237
No need, um, I just wanted
to check whether I should
1572
01:18:08,271 --> 01:18:10,440
talk to Lomanitz while I'm here,
given your concerns.
1573
01:18:10,473 --> 01:18:12,575
Well, I'd say that's really
up to you, Professor,
1574
01:18:12,608 --> 01:18:14,777
-but I'd be cautious.
-Uh-huh. Understood.
1575
01:18:14,811 --> 01:18:17,547
Oh, and, um,
as regards to the union,
1576
01:18:17,580 --> 01:18:19,348
I wanted to give you
a heads-up on a...
1577
01:18:19,382 --> 01:18:20,717
on a man named Eltenton.
1578
01:18:20,750 --> 01:18:22,251
A heads-up?
1579
01:18:22,285 --> 01:18:26,222
Yes, just that he might
merit watching is all.
1580
01:18:27,024 --> 01:18:28,458
Well, I'd love
to get more details.
1581
01:18:28,491 --> 01:18:30,827
Well, I...
I have an appointment now
1582
01:18:30,860 --> 01:18:32,295
and I leave early tomorrow.
1583
01:18:32,328 --> 01:18:33,863
Well, come back
as early as you like.
1584
01:18:33,896 --> 01:18:36,232
Since you haven't time now.
1585
01:18:36,899 --> 01:18:38,735
You went back the next morning.
1586
01:18:38,768 --> 01:18:40,770
I did, I had to, really.
1587
01:18:41,704 --> 01:18:44,307
This time, there was
another man.
1588
01:18:44,974 --> 01:18:46,476
He said his name's Pash.
1589
01:18:46,509 --> 01:18:49,011
Pash. You met Colonel Pash?
1590
01:18:49,046 --> 01:18:50,580
Colonel Pash,
could you please read
1591
01:18:50,613 --> 01:18:54,417
from your memo
dated June 29, 1943?
1592
01:18:56,519 --> 01:18:58,621
"Results of surveillance
conducted on subject
1593
01:18:58,654 --> 01:19:01,491
"indicate further possible
Communist Party connections.
1594
01:19:01,524 --> 01:19:03,693
"Subject met with
and spent considerable time
1595
01:19:03,726 --> 01:19:05,928
"with one Jean Tatlock,
Communist,
1596
01:19:05,962 --> 01:19:07,430
the record of whom is attached."
1597
01:19:07,463 --> 01:19:09,332
The subject being
Dr. Oppenheimer?
1598
01:19:09,365 --> 01:19:11,834
-Yes.
-Whom you had not met?
1599
01:19:11,868 --> 01:19:13,669
Not then, but soon after.
1600
01:19:13,703 --> 01:19:15,072
He's the head of security
for the project.
1601
01:19:15,105 --> 01:19:16,339
Shouldn't I know him?
1602
01:19:16,372 --> 01:19:17,707
No, he should know you.
1603
01:19:17,740 --> 01:19:19,642
I would never put you
in a room with Pash.
1604
01:19:19,675 --> 01:19:20,943
Why not?
1605
01:19:20,977 --> 01:19:23,046
When Pash first heard
about Lomanitz,
1606
01:19:23,080 --> 01:19:26,015
he told the FBI
he was gonna kidnap him,
1607
01:19:26,049 --> 01:19:27,517
take him out on a boat
1608
01:19:27,550 --> 01:19:30,553
and interrogate him
in the Russian manner.
1609
01:19:32,688 --> 01:19:35,525
General Groves has placed in me
a certain responsibility,
1610
01:19:35,558 --> 01:19:37,794
and it's like having a child
who I can't see.
1611
01:19:37,827 --> 01:19:39,929
-Ah.
-By remote control.
1612
01:19:39,962 --> 01:19:43,566
So to actually meet you is...
1613
01:19:44,667 --> 01:19:46,103
I won't take up
too much of your time.
1614
01:19:46,136 --> 01:19:48,404
No, no, not at all.
Whatever time you choose.
1615
01:19:48,437 --> 01:19:51,340
Mm. Mr. Johnson told me
of a conversation
1616
01:19:51,374 --> 01:19:53,110
you had yesterday
in which I'm very interested.
1617
01:19:53,143 --> 01:19:55,411
It's had me worried all day.
1618
01:19:55,444 --> 01:19:57,947
Yes, well, I didn't want
to talk to Lomanitz
1619
01:19:57,980 --> 01:19:59,515
without authorization.
1620
01:19:59,549 --> 01:20:00,750
That's not the particular
interest that I have.
1621
01:20:00,783 --> 01:20:02,752
It's something
a little bit more...
1622
01:20:03,786 --> 01:20:05,555
...well, in my opinion,
more serious.
1623
01:20:05,588 --> 01:20:08,524
Now, when the FBI pointed out
that such information
1624
01:20:08,558 --> 01:20:10,093
wouldn't be admissible in court,
Pash made it clear
1625
01:20:10,127 --> 01:20:13,896
he had no intention of leaving
any witness left to prosecute.
1626
01:20:13,930 --> 01:20:15,498
Now, the FBI talked him down,
1627
01:20:15,531 --> 01:20:17,101
but that's the man
you're dancing with.
1628
01:20:17,135 --> 01:20:19,837
I gather you've heard
there are other parties
1629
01:20:19,870 --> 01:20:22,573
interested in the work
of the Radiation Lab.
1630
01:20:22,606 --> 01:20:26,510
A man attached
to the Soviet Consul
1631
01:20:26,543 --> 01:20:29,580
indicated,
through intermediate people,
1632
01:20:29,613 --> 01:20:31,149
to people on this project,
1633
01:20:31,182 --> 01:20:34,618
that he was in a position
to transmit information.
1634
01:20:34,651 --> 01:20:37,487
Oh, why would anyone
on the project want to do that?
1635
01:20:38,922 --> 01:20:41,458
Frankly, I can see that
there might be an argument
1636
01:20:41,491 --> 01:20:43,894
for the Commander-in-Chief
informing the Russians--
1637
01:20:43,927 --> 01:20:45,796
they're our allies after all--
1638
01:20:45,829 --> 01:20:48,732
but I don't like the idea of it
going out the back door.
1639
01:20:48,765 --> 01:20:51,501
It might not hurt
to be on the lookout for it.
1640
01:20:52,903 --> 01:20:54,072
And you said that to Pash?
1641
01:20:54,105 --> 01:20:55,606
I was trying to put it
1642
01:20:55,639 --> 01:20:58,475
in a context
of Russia's not Germany.
1643
01:20:58,508 --> 01:21:02,913
Boris Pash is the son
of a Russian Orthodox bishop.
1644
01:21:02,946 --> 01:21:06,450
Born here, but in 1918,
he went back to Russia
1645
01:21:06,483 --> 01:21:07,918
to fight the Bolsheviks.
1646
01:21:07,951 --> 01:21:10,121
This is a man who has killed
Communists with his own hands.
1647
01:21:10,154 --> 01:21:13,624
I'm not the judge of who should
or should not have information.
1648
01:21:13,657 --> 01:21:15,692
It's my business to stop it
from going through illegally.
1649
01:21:15,726 --> 01:21:17,928
Would you be
a little more specific?
1650
01:21:20,797 --> 01:21:23,667
There's a man whose name
was mentioned to me
1651
01:21:23,700 --> 01:21:25,802
a couple of times. Eltenton.
1652
01:21:26,837 --> 01:21:29,940
Uh, I believe he's a chemist
who works at Shell.
1653
01:21:29,973 --> 01:21:32,509
He talked to a friend of his
1654
01:21:32,542 --> 01:21:36,446
who's an acquaintance
of someone on the project.
1655
01:21:37,681 --> 01:21:40,118
And you thought Pash
would be satisfied with that?
1656
01:21:40,151 --> 01:21:42,686
I was attempting
to give them Eltenton
1657
01:21:42,719 --> 01:21:44,055
without opening a can of worms.
1658
01:21:44,088 --> 01:21:46,057
I told them
a cock-and-bull story.
1659
01:21:46,090 --> 01:21:47,624
Did you lie
to General Groves too?
1660
01:21:47,658 --> 01:21:51,195
No. I admitted to him
that I'd lied to Pash.
1661
01:21:51,229 --> 01:21:52,663
Do you recall this conversation
1662
01:21:52,696 --> 01:21:55,099
about the Chevalier incident?
1663
01:21:55,133 --> 01:21:57,534
I've seen so many
versions of it. Um...
1664
01:21:57,567 --> 01:21:58,735
Wasn't confused before,
1665
01:21:58,769 --> 01:22:00,204
but I'm certainly
getting there now.
1666
01:22:00,238 --> 01:22:01,538
And what was your conclusion?
1667
01:22:01,571 --> 01:22:03,941
That he was under
the influence of
1668
01:22:03,974 --> 01:22:06,843
the typical American
schoolboy attitude
1669
01:22:06,877 --> 01:22:10,480
that there's something wicked
about telling on a friend.
1670
01:22:10,514 --> 01:22:12,549
Well, now.
1671
01:22:12,582 --> 01:22:15,018
Might we know through whom
the contact was made?
1672
01:22:15,053 --> 01:22:17,255
That would in... involve people
1673
01:22:17,288 --> 01:22:19,257
who are not to be
involved in this.
1674
01:22:19,290 --> 01:22:22,060
Is that someone
a member of the project?
1675
01:22:22,093 --> 01:22:26,630
A member of the faculty, yes,
but not in the project, no.
1676
01:22:26,663 --> 01:22:27,764
Ah.
1677
01:22:27,798 --> 01:22:29,566
So Eltenton made his approach
1678
01:22:29,599 --> 01:22:32,836
through a member of
the faculty here at Berkeley?
1679
01:22:34,571 --> 01:22:37,041
As far as I know.
As far as I know, yes.
1680
01:22:37,075 --> 01:22:39,711
But there-there may have been
1681
01:22:39,744 --> 01:22:42,480
more than one person involved.
1682
01:22:45,883 --> 01:22:49,088
Gentlemen, if I...
if I seem uncooperative,
1683
01:22:49,121 --> 01:22:52,057
I think you can understand
that's because of my insistence
1684
01:22:52,091 --> 01:22:54,692
in not getting
innocent people into trouble.
1685
01:22:54,726 --> 01:22:56,527
You're trying
to protect your friend.
1686
01:22:56,561 --> 01:22:57,795
Who's protecting you?
1687
01:22:57,829 --> 01:22:59,231
Well, you could.
1688
01:22:59,264 --> 01:23:00,598
If you gave me the name.
1689
01:23:00,631 --> 01:23:02,567
If you order me to, I'll do it.
1690
01:23:02,600 --> 01:23:03,634
That's a mistake, Robert.
1691
01:23:03,668 --> 01:23:05,503
You need to volunteer this name.
1692
01:23:06,338 --> 01:23:08,006
And did he give you the name?
1693
01:23:08,040 --> 01:23:09,174
He did.
1694
01:23:09,208 --> 01:23:10,675
-But not then, did he?
-No.
1695
01:23:10,708 --> 01:23:12,177
No. In fact, it was some
months later, wasn't it?
1696
01:23:12,211 --> 01:23:14,113
It was.
1697
01:23:14,146 --> 01:23:15,247
You see me as persistent.
1698
01:23:15,280 --> 01:23:17,015
Well, you are...
1699
01:23:17,049 --> 01:23:18,883
you are persistent,
but that is your job.
1700
01:23:18,916 --> 01:23:22,620
And-and my job is to protect
the people that work for me.
1701
01:23:22,653 --> 01:23:24,655
Instead of us going
on certain steps,
1702
01:23:24,689 --> 01:23:26,791
which may come
to your attention...
1703
01:23:28,160 --> 01:23:29,927
...and be disturbing to you,
1704
01:23:29,961 --> 01:23:33,065
I would like to discuss
those with you first.
1705
01:23:33,098 --> 01:23:34,599
I'm not formulating a plan.
1706
01:23:34,632 --> 01:23:36,968
I'll just have to digest
the whole thing.
1707
01:23:40,605 --> 01:23:43,308
In the months
in between your interview
1708
01:23:43,342 --> 01:23:46,978
with Dr. Oppenheimer and his
eventual naming of Chevalier,
1709
01:23:47,011 --> 01:23:48,313
did you expend resources
1710
01:23:48,347 --> 01:23:49,814
trying to find the name
of the intermediary?
1711
01:23:49,847 --> 01:23:52,317
Considerable resources, yes.
1712
01:23:52,351 --> 01:23:54,585
Without the name, our job
was extremely difficult.
1713
01:23:54,619 --> 01:23:56,055
And when did you
receive the name?
1714
01:23:56,088 --> 01:23:57,322
I was gone by the time
1715
01:23:57,356 --> 01:23:59,791
-Oppenheimer finally
offered it up. -Gone?
1716
01:23:59,824 --> 01:24:01,993
They felt my time would be
better spent in Europe
1717
01:24:02,027 --> 01:24:04,762
determining the status
of the Nazi bomb project.
1718
01:24:04,796 --> 01:24:05,963
Who did?
1719
01:24:07,066 --> 01:24:08,800
General Groves.
1720
01:24:08,833 --> 01:24:10,601
He transferred me to London.
1721
01:24:17,042 --> 01:24:19,144
It's a little early
for a Christmas party.
1722
01:24:19,178 --> 01:24:21,180
Something's up.
1723
01:24:21,213 --> 01:24:23,248
Tolman's been away.
1724
01:24:23,282 --> 01:24:24,982
Where?
1725
01:24:25,016 --> 01:24:26,584
Ruth won't tell.
1726
01:24:31,123 --> 01:24:32,124
Hey!
1727
01:24:36,295 --> 01:24:37,829
Come on, Ruthie.
1728
01:24:37,862 --> 01:24:39,931
Can't tell me, who can you tell?
1729
01:24:39,964 --> 01:24:42,700
Compartmentalization, Oppie.
1730
01:24:42,733 --> 01:24:44,103
What makes you think
I know where he is anyway?
1731
01:24:44,136 --> 01:24:45,837
'Cause you do a pretty good job
1732
01:24:45,870 --> 01:24:48,639
of knowing where Mr. Tolman is
when it counts.
1733
01:24:48,673 --> 01:24:50,209
Like now?
1734
01:24:50,242 --> 01:24:53,678
Attention!
1735
01:24:56,881 --> 01:24:58,816
Early Christmas present
for you all.
1736
01:25:06,892 --> 01:25:09,262
The British pilots
put me in the bomb bay.
1737
01:25:09,295 --> 01:25:11,297
Showed me the-the oxygen,
you know,
1738
01:25:11,331 --> 01:25:13,066
but I messed it up.
1739
01:25:13,099 --> 01:25:15,701
Uh, when they opened me up
in Scotland, I was unconscious.
1740
01:25:15,734 --> 01:25:17,936
But I pretended
I'd been napping.
1741
01:25:18,904 --> 01:25:20,340
Please enjoy your party.
1742
01:25:21,707 --> 01:25:23,008
Is it big enough?
1743
01:25:23,042 --> 01:25:24,310
To end the war?
1744
01:25:24,344 --> 01:25:27,247
To end all war.
1745
01:25:30,083 --> 01:25:34,154
Uh, Heisenberg sought me out
in Copenhagen.
1746
01:25:34,187 --> 01:25:35,921
It was chilling,
1747
01:25:35,954 --> 01:25:37,990
my old student
working for the Nazis.
1748
01:25:38,024 --> 01:25:41,927
He told me some things
to draw me out.
1749
01:25:42,828 --> 01:25:46,166
Sustained fission reactions
in uranium.
1750
01:25:46,199 --> 01:25:48,401
That sounds more like
a reactor than a bomb.
1751
01:25:48,434 --> 01:25:49,868
Did he mention
gaseous diffusion?
1752
01:25:49,902 --> 01:25:52,172
He seemed more focused
on heavy water.
1753
01:25:52,205 --> 01:25:53,906
As a moderator?
1754
01:25:53,939 --> 01:25:55,308
Yes, instead of graphite.
1755
01:25:58,344 --> 01:25:59,711
What?
1756
01:25:59,745 --> 01:26:01,914
He took a wrong turn.
1757
01:26:01,947 --> 01:26:04,417
We're ahead. And with you here
to help us, Niels.
1758
01:26:04,450 --> 01:26:06,718
Sorry, could you...
1759
01:26:06,752 --> 01:26:09,688
could you give us a moment,
gentlemen?
1760
01:26:15,861 --> 01:26:18,398
I am not here to help, Robert.
1761
01:26:18,431 --> 01:26:20,333
I knew you could
do this without me.
1762
01:26:20,366 --> 01:26:21,467
Then why did you come?
1763
01:26:21,501 --> 01:26:22,935
To talk about after.
1764
01:26:22,968 --> 01:26:24,937
The power you're about to reveal
1765
01:26:24,970 --> 01:26:27,173
will forever outlive the Nazis.
1766
01:26:28,241 --> 01:26:29,841
And the world is not prepared.
1767
01:26:29,875 --> 01:26:31,277
"You could lift the stone
1768
01:26:31,311 --> 01:26:33,946
without being ready
for the snake that's revealed."
1769
01:26:33,979 --> 01:26:35,348
We have to make
the politicians understand,
1770
01:26:35,381 --> 01:26:37,483
this isn't a new weapon.
1771
01:26:37,517 --> 01:26:38,984
It's a new world.
1772
01:26:39,017 --> 01:26:42,388
I'll be out there
doing what I can, but you...
1773
01:26:42,422 --> 01:26:44,990
you're an American Prometheus.
1774
01:26:45,024 --> 01:26:47,260
The man who gave them the power
1775
01:26:47,293 --> 01:26:49,329
to destroy themselves,
1776
01:26:49,362 --> 01:26:50,996
and they'll respect that.
1777
01:26:51,030 --> 01:26:53,199
And your work really begins.
1778
01:26:57,136 --> 01:27:00,273
I'm sorry, Oppie,
but there's a call.
1779
01:27:01,407 --> 01:27:04,143
From San Francisco.
1780
01:27:10,416 --> 01:27:12,118
Robert!
1781
01:27:15,355 --> 01:27:16,888
Robert?
1782
01:27:17,557 --> 01:27:20,126
Robert. Robert.
1783
01:27:20,159 --> 01:27:22,363
God, what's the matter?
1784
01:27:22,396 --> 01:27:24,164
What happened?
1785
01:27:25,032 --> 01:27:26,966
Her father called.
1786
01:27:27,000 --> 01:27:29,136
They found her yesterday
in the bath.
1787
01:27:30,137 --> 01:27:31,272
Who?
1788
01:27:32,273 --> 01:27:34,275
She'd taken pills.
1789
01:27:34,308 --> 01:27:36,210
Left a note, not signed.
1790
01:27:37,211 --> 01:27:38,178
She took barbiturates,
1791
01:27:38,212 --> 01:27:40,147
but there was chloral hydrate
in her blood.
1792
01:27:43,517 --> 01:27:44,851
There was a note.
1793
01:27:44,884 --> 01:27:47,187
Jean Tatlock?
1794
01:27:52,959 --> 01:27:54,961
We were together.
1795
01:27:54,994 --> 01:27:57,797
She said she needed me. I...
1796
01:27:59,899 --> 01:28:02,835
I told her I... I wouldn't...
1797
01:28:02,869 --> 01:28:04,505
I told her I couldn't...
1798
01:28:04,538 --> 01:28:06,206
No, it was... it was me.
1799
01:28:09,209 --> 01:28:11,312
You don't get to commit the sin
1800
01:28:11,345 --> 01:28:13,147
and then have us all
feel sorry for you
1801
01:28:13,180 --> 01:28:16,050
that it had consequences.
1802
01:28:18,118 --> 01:28:20,321
You pull yourself together.
1803
01:28:23,990 --> 01:28:26,126
You know,
people here depend on you.
1804
01:28:28,629 --> 01:28:30,097
Donald, would you like
1805
01:28:30,130 --> 01:28:31,198
to contribute here?
Please, help me out.
1806
01:28:31,231 --> 01:28:32,433
You're on your own, pal.
1807
01:28:32,466 --> 01:28:33,567
Bob, I'm not quitting my job
1808
01:28:33,600 --> 01:28:34,934
because plutonium
is radioactive.
1809
01:28:34,967 --> 01:28:36,503
We just don't know
what it might do
1810
01:28:36,537 --> 01:28:38,272
to the female
reproductive system...
1811
01:28:38,305 --> 01:28:40,207
Your reproductive system is more
exposed than mine, presumably.
1812
01:28:40,240 --> 01:28:43,110
Can we please? The implosion
device is nowhere.
1813
01:28:43,143 --> 01:28:44,545
Hey, you can't rush everything.
1814
01:28:44,578 --> 01:28:46,113
-Oppie, please.
-Well, there's rushing
1815
01:28:46,146 --> 01:28:47,947
and there's getting on
with it, so pick one.
1816
01:28:47,980 --> 01:28:49,982
Wait. Neddermeyer's
doing his job.
1817
01:28:50,016 --> 01:28:50,950
Teller's not helping.
1818
01:28:50,983 --> 01:28:52,519
You're not helping.
1819
01:28:52,553 --> 01:28:53,953
I've been asking
for calculations
1820
01:28:53,986 --> 01:28:55,122
on the implosion lenses
for weeks.
1821
01:28:55,155 --> 01:28:56,623
The British can do it. Fuchs.
1822
01:28:56,657 --> 01:28:57,957
Absolutely.
1823
01:28:57,990 --> 01:28:59,360
It's your job, Teller.
1824
01:28:59,393 --> 01:29:01,195
I'm engaged in research.
1825
01:29:01,228 --> 01:29:03,896
On a hydrogen bomb
we're not even building.
1826
01:29:12,004 --> 01:29:13,374
I won't work for that man.
1827
01:29:15,142 --> 01:29:17,244
Let him go. He's a prima donna.
1828
01:29:17,277 --> 01:29:19,513
I agree.
He should leave Los Alamos.
1829
01:29:19,546 --> 01:29:21,048
Okay.
1830
01:29:21,081 --> 01:29:22,949
Kisty, you replace Neddermeyer.
1831
01:29:22,982 --> 01:29:24,385
Seth, I'm putting you
on plutonium.
1832
01:29:24,418 --> 01:29:27,521
Lilli, you go work for Kisty.
Because he needs you.
1833
01:29:27,554 --> 01:29:30,124
Fuchs, you take Teller's role.
1834
01:29:30,157 --> 01:29:32,526
I'm putting you exclusively
on the implosion device.
1835
01:29:32,559 --> 01:29:36,330
And no one is leaving
Los Alamos.
1836
01:29:50,578 --> 01:29:52,547
-They won't let me leave.
-No.
1837
01:29:52,580 --> 01:29:54,182
I won't let you leave.
1838
01:29:55,049 --> 01:29:58,153
Forget Hans. Forget fission.
1839
01:29:58,186 --> 01:30:01,322
Stay here,
research what you want.
1840
01:30:01,356 --> 01:30:03,957
Fusion, the hydrogen bomb,
whatever.
1841
01:30:03,991 --> 01:30:05,160
We'll meet to discuss.
1842
01:30:05,193 --> 01:30:06,661
You don't have time to meet.
1843
01:30:06,694 --> 01:30:08,263
You're a politician now, Robert.
1844
01:30:08,296 --> 01:30:10,931
You've left physics behind
many, many years ago.
1845
01:30:11,766 --> 01:30:13,568
Once a week.
1846
01:30:13,601 --> 01:30:15,470
One hour. You and me.
1847
01:30:20,642 --> 01:30:23,211
Now raise this fucking barrier.
1848
01:30:27,148 --> 01:30:29,584
So the Super
was under development
1849
01:30:29,617 --> 01:30:31,586
on your watch at Los Alamos?
1850
01:30:31,619 --> 01:30:33,121
Yes.
1851
01:30:33,154 --> 01:30:35,022
And yet, after the war,
1852
01:30:35,056 --> 01:30:36,658
you tried to deny it was viable.
1853
01:30:36,691 --> 01:30:38,193
No, no, no. I...
1854
01:30:38,226 --> 01:30:40,061
I pointed out
technical difficulties with it.
1855
01:30:40,094 --> 01:30:41,729
You... Didn't you try
to kill it at the AEC meeting
1856
01:30:41,763 --> 01:30:43,331
-after the Russian bomb test?
-No.
1857
01:30:43,364 --> 01:30:45,467
But that was
the recommendation of the AEC,
1858
01:30:45,500 --> 01:30:47,769
-was it not?
-After hours of discussion
1859
01:30:47,802 --> 01:30:50,071
about the best response.
1860
01:30:50,104 --> 01:30:55,210
An H-bomb is 1,000 times
the power of an A-bomb.
1861
01:30:56,377 --> 01:31:00,148
Its only intended target
would be the largest cities.
1862
01:31:00,181 --> 01:31:02,283
It's a weapon of mass genocide.
1863
01:31:02,317 --> 01:31:04,619
Izzy, draw some circles
on this side of the map
1864
01:31:04,652 --> 01:31:06,287
where they would target us.
1865
01:31:06,321 --> 01:31:08,356
-Starting with New York. D.C.
-That's fair.
1866
01:31:08,389 --> 01:31:11,159
It's a weapon of attack
with no defensive value.
1867
01:31:11,192 --> 01:31:12,727
-Deterrence.
-"Deterrence"?
1868
01:31:12,760 --> 01:31:14,362
Do we really need
more deterrence
1869
01:31:14,395 --> 01:31:16,798
than our current arsenal
of atomic bombs?
1870
01:31:16,831 --> 01:31:19,534
Y-You drown in ten feet
of water or-or 10,000,
1871
01:31:19,567 --> 01:31:21,236
what's the difference?
1872
01:31:21,269 --> 01:31:23,238
We can already drown Russia.
They know it.
1873
01:31:23,271 --> 01:31:25,540
-And now they can drown us.
-So we're just escalating...
1874
01:31:36,451 --> 01:31:39,287
As I said,
Teller's designs are still as
1875
01:31:39,320 --> 01:31:41,256
impractical as they were
during the war.
1876
01:31:41,289 --> 01:31:44,259
A hydrogen bomb can be made
to work, Oppie, you know that.
1877
01:31:44,292 --> 01:31:45,426
I don't believe we should commit
1878
01:31:45,460 --> 01:31:47,362
all our resources
to that chance.
1879
01:31:47,395 --> 01:31:50,265
Then how would you have Truman
reassure the American people?
1880
01:31:50,298 --> 01:31:52,500
Simply by limiting the spread
of atomic weapons
1881
01:31:52,534 --> 01:31:55,837
through international control
on nuclear energy.
1882
01:31:55,870 --> 01:31:57,438
By which you mean
world government?
1883
01:31:57,472 --> 01:32:00,408
The United Nations
as Roosevelt intended.
1884
01:32:00,441 --> 01:32:03,344
Well, I... I asked what Truman
should do, right?
1885
01:32:03,378 --> 01:32:06,282
The world's changed,
it's not fascism but Communism
1886
01:32:06,315 --> 01:32:07,783
that now threatens our survival.
1887
01:32:07,816 --> 01:32:11,453
Lewis, do you understand,
if we build a hydrogen bomb,
1888
01:32:11,487 --> 01:32:14,356
the Russians will have no choice
but to build their own?
1889
01:32:14,390 --> 01:32:16,158
Could they be working
on one already?
1890
01:32:16,191 --> 01:32:18,694
Based on information gathered
from a spy at Los Alamos.
1891
01:32:18,727 --> 01:32:20,195
No spy at Los Alamos.
1892
01:32:20,229 --> 01:32:21,297
-Gentlemen.
-There wasn't?
1893
01:32:21,330 --> 01:32:22,565
Let's not get sidetracked.
1894
01:32:22,598 --> 01:32:24,300
I say we use this moment
1895
01:32:24,333 --> 01:32:25,734
to gain concessions
from the Russians
1896
01:32:25,768 --> 01:32:28,837
by committing that we will not
build a hydrogen bomb.
1897
01:32:28,871 --> 01:32:30,506
Thereby revealing its existence.
1898
01:32:30,539 --> 01:32:32,541
Which you seem convinced
they already know.
1899
01:32:32,575 --> 01:32:34,176
All right.
1900
01:32:34,209 --> 01:32:36,312
At this point, I'd like
the committee members
1901
01:32:36,345 --> 01:32:40,282
to meet in privacy to finalize
our recommendations.
1902
01:32:41,417 --> 01:32:43,419
I'm just not sure you want
to go down this road.
1903
01:32:43,452 --> 01:32:45,721
Lewis, with respect,
we are the advisory committee,
1904
01:32:45,754 --> 01:32:47,523
we will give them our advice.
1905
01:32:47,556 --> 01:32:48,657
Good night.
1906
01:32:52,861 --> 01:32:57,132
Dr. Oppenheimer?
Hi. William Borden.
1907
01:32:57,166 --> 01:32:58,500
Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy?
1908
01:32:58,534 --> 01:32:59,735
Oh, yes, yes.
1909
01:32:59,768 --> 01:33:01,403
During the war, I was a pilot.
1910
01:33:02,538 --> 01:33:05,274
One night,
flying back from a raid,
1911
01:33:05,307 --> 01:33:08,210
I saw an amazing sight
like a meteor.
1912
01:33:09,411 --> 01:33:12,181
A V-2 rocket headed to England.
1913
01:33:12,214 --> 01:33:14,216
I can't help but imagine
what it will be
1914
01:33:14,249 --> 01:33:18,153
for such an enemy rocket
to carry an atomic warhead.
1915
01:33:26,929 --> 01:33:28,263
Well, let's make sure
we're not the ones
1916
01:33:28,297 --> 01:33:29,598
to make that possible.
1917
01:33:36,305 --> 01:33:39,208
Oppie, I don't think you want
to go up against Strauss.
1918
01:33:39,241 --> 01:33:41,310
If we both speak,
they listen to me.
1919
01:33:41,343 --> 01:33:43,412
When you speak,
they hear a prophet.
1920
01:33:43,445 --> 01:33:45,414
When Strauss speaks,
they hear themselves.
1921
01:33:45,447 --> 01:33:47,249
They'll listen to a prophet.
1922
01:33:47,282 --> 01:33:50,552
A prophet can't be wrong.
Not once.
1923
01:33:50,586 --> 01:33:52,354
Didn't you accuse Oppenheimer
1924
01:33:52,388 --> 01:33:54,289
of sabotaging the development
of the Super?
1925
01:33:54,323 --> 01:33:55,924
I was never one of those
1926
01:33:55,958 --> 01:33:59,228
to bandy around terms
like "sabotage."
1927
01:33:59,261 --> 01:34:01,230
But Mr. Borden was?
1928
01:34:01,263 --> 01:34:02,531
As I understand it, possibly.
1929
01:34:02,564 --> 01:34:04,667
How was Mr. Borden able
to put together
1930
01:34:04,700 --> 01:34:05,968
such a detailed indictment?
1931
01:34:06,001 --> 01:34:07,536
He was no longer
a government employee,
1932
01:34:07,569 --> 01:34:10,205
yet he appears to have
had unlimited access
1933
01:34:10,239 --> 01:34:11,740
to Dr. Oppenheimer's file.
1934
01:34:11,774 --> 01:34:14,677
Might Mr. Nichols have
given him access to the file?
1935
01:34:14,710 --> 01:34:16,612
Or someone else, at the AEC?
1936
01:34:16,645 --> 01:34:19,481
That's a very serious
accusation, Senator.
1937
01:34:19,515 --> 01:34:21,984
Is it your intention to
suggest that Dr. Oppenheimer
1938
01:34:22,017 --> 01:34:23,952
is disloyal
to the United States?
1939
01:34:23,986 --> 01:34:26,523
I've always assumed,
and still assume,
1940
01:34:26,556 --> 01:34:29,259
that he's loyal
to the United States.
1941
01:34:29,292 --> 01:34:30,727
I believe this.
And I shall believe it
1942
01:34:30,760 --> 01:34:33,563
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
1943
01:34:33,596 --> 01:34:35,365
Do you or do you not believe
1944
01:34:35,398 --> 01:34:37,767
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
1945
01:34:45,975 --> 01:34:47,610
And if I may,
1946
01:34:47,644 --> 01:34:50,447
when Hitler blew
his brains out in that bunker,
1947
01:34:50,480 --> 01:34:52,015
it's my humble opinion
that there is no need
1948
01:34:52,049 --> 01:34:53,516
for that bomb
to be seen anywhere
1949
01:34:53,550 --> 01:34:55,318
except for that test site.
1950
01:34:55,351 --> 01:34:57,353
But we at least
have to take a moment
1951
01:34:57,387 --> 01:34:59,389
to think about whether the means
1952
01:34:59,422 --> 01:35:01,691
justify the ends
any longer, because...
1953
01:35:04,027 --> 01:35:06,596
Germany is about to surrender.
1954
01:35:08,498 --> 01:35:11,835
It's no longer the enemy
who are the greatest threat
1955
01:35:11,868 --> 01:35:13,670
to mankind, it's our work.
1956
01:35:16,073 --> 01:35:18,808
Hitler's dead, it's true.
1957
01:35:20,510 --> 01:35:22,046
But the Japanese fight on.
1958
01:35:22,079 --> 01:35:23,747
Their defeat seems assured.
1959
01:35:23,780 --> 01:35:26,783
Not if you're a G.I.
preparing to invade.
1960
01:35:28,085 --> 01:35:29,385
We can end this war.
1961
01:35:29,419 --> 01:35:30,820
But how do we justify
1962
01:35:30,854 --> 01:35:32,422
using this weapon
on human beings?
1963
01:35:35,458 --> 01:35:38,862
We're theorists, yes?
1964
01:35:38,895 --> 01:35:40,497
Yes. Yep.
1965
01:35:40,530 --> 01:35:44,567
We imagine a future
and our imaginings horrify us.
1966
01:35:45,635 --> 01:35:47,771
But they won't fear it
until they understand it,
1967
01:35:47,804 --> 01:35:50,707
and they won't understand it
until they've used it.
1968
01:35:50,740 --> 01:35:51,908
When the world learns
1969
01:35:51,941 --> 01:35:54,444
the terrible secret
of Los Alamos,
1970
01:35:54,477 --> 01:35:57,914
our work here will ensure
a peace mankind has never seen.
1971
01:35:57,947 --> 01:36:01,317
A peace based on the kind
of international cooperation
1972
01:36:01,351 --> 01:36:03,386
that Roosevelt always envisaged.
1973
01:36:08,491 --> 01:36:09,726
Progress?
1974
01:36:09,759 --> 01:36:12,529
Two years and
a billion dollars' worth?
1975
01:36:12,562 --> 01:36:14,330
Well, hard to put a price on it.
1976
01:36:14,364 --> 01:36:15,932
Not really,
just add up the bills.
1977
01:36:15,965 --> 01:36:17,667
"Rural free deliveries."
1978
01:36:17,700 --> 01:36:20,470
Eighty babies delivered
the first year.
1979
01:36:20,503 --> 01:36:22,839
This year,
we've had ten a month.
1980
01:36:22,872 --> 01:36:25,608
Birth control is a little out
of my jurisdiction, General.
1981
01:36:26,476 --> 01:36:28,812
-Clearly.
-General.
1982
01:36:33,783 --> 01:36:35,119
Head down, everyone.
1983
01:36:35,152 --> 01:36:37,320
Fuchs, head down.
1984
01:36:39,823 --> 01:36:40,990
Hmm?
1985
01:36:43,860 --> 01:36:45,595
That's the one.
1986
01:36:45,628 --> 01:36:48,532
Two viable bombs. I need a date.
1987
01:36:50,835 --> 01:36:52,670
September.
1988
01:36:52,703 --> 01:36:53,704
July.
1989
01:36:53,737 --> 01:36:55,673
That's the sweet spot,
gentlemen.
1990
01:36:55,706 --> 01:36:57,875
August.
1991
01:36:57,908 --> 01:36:59,643
July.
1992
01:36:59,677 --> 01:37:01,478
Test in July.
1993
01:37:01,512 --> 01:37:03,148
But I need my brother.
1994
01:37:07,518 --> 01:37:09,453
Frank knows the desert,
he's left politics behind,
1995
01:37:09,486 --> 01:37:11,922
he's been working with
Lawrence for two years now.
1996
01:37:18,896 --> 01:37:20,731
What do we call the test?
1997
01:37:21,832 --> 01:37:25,603
"Batter my heart,
three-person'd god."
1998
01:37:25,636 --> 01:37:26,737
What?
1999
01:37:28,106 --> 01:37:29,506
Trinity.
2000
01:37:37,182 --> 01:37:38,549
You insisted
2001
01:37:38,582 --> 01:37:39,884
on bringing on
your brother Frank,
2002
01:37:39,917 --> 01:37:41,518
-a known Communist.
-A former Communist.
2003
01:37:41,552 --> 01:37:43,988
You brought a known
former Communist
2004
01:37:44,021 --> 01:37:47,892
onto America's most secret
and important defense project.
2005
01:37:47,925 --> 01:37:51,028
I knew my brother
could be trusted. Absolutely.
2006
01:37:51,062 --> 01:37:53,031
And you felt
your judgment was sound
2007
01:37:53,064 --> 01:37:54,899
on who on the team
could be trusted?
2008
01:37:55,900 --> 01:37:57,035
Fuchs, head down.
2009
01:37:57,068 --> 01:37:58,802
Okay, everybody ready?
2010
01:38:00,171 --> 01:38:02,107
Hmm?
2011
01:38:02,140 --> 01:38:03,908
Oh.
2012
01:38:07,045 --> 01:38:08,179
Oh.
2013
01:38:08,213 --> 01:38:09,947
Well, I hope
you learned something.
2014
01:38:09,980 --> 01:38:11,882
Yeah, we learned we're gonna
need to be a lot further away.
2015
01:38:11,916 --> 01:38:13,484
Well, figure it out. Fast.
2016
01:38:13,517 --> 01:38:15,186
We leave for Washington
in the morning.
2017
01:38:15,220 --> 01:38:17,421
We're gonna give them a date.
2018
01:38:31,568 --> 01:38:33,238
You're a long way
from Chicago, Leo.
2019
01:38:33,271 --> 01:38:34,772
If we don't act now,
2020
01:38:34,805 --> 01:38:36,507
they're going to use
this thing against Japan.
2021
01:38:36,540 --> 01:38:38,509
We booked a meeting with Truman,
2022
01:38:38,542 --> 01:38:39,810
but somebody killed it.
2023
01:38:39,843 --> 01:38:41,712
You're meeting
the Secretary of War.
2024
01:38:41,745 --> 01:38:43,914
Just because we're building it,
2025
01:38:43,948 --> 01:38:45,950
doesn't mean we get to decide
how it's used.
2026
01:38:45,983 --> 01:38:48,752
History will judge us, Robert.
2027
01:38:48,786 --> 01:38:52,090
In Chicago,
we put together a petition.
2028
01:38:52,123 --> 01:38:54,059
I'm not...
I'm not getting into that.
2029
01:38:59,130 --> 01:39:01,066
Just tell me your concerns,
and I'll relay them.
2030
01:39:01,099 --> 01:39:02,200
My concerns?
2031
01:39:02,233 --> 01:39:04,202
Germany's defeated.
2032
01:39:04,235 --> 01:39:06,003
Japan's not going
to hold out alone.
2033
01:39:06,037 --> 01:39:07,939
How could you know that?
You got us into this.
2034
01:39:07,973 --> 01:39:09,741
You and Einstein
with your letter to Roosevelt
2035
01:39:09,774 --> 01:39:12,577
-saying we could build a bomb.
-Against Germany.
2036
01:39:12,610 --> 01:39:15,547
That's not how weapons
manufacture works, Szilard.
2037
01:39:15,580 --> 01:39:16,715
Oppie, you have to help.
2038
01:39:16,748 --> 01:39:18,050
Fermi's in the meeting.
2039
01:39:18,084 --> 01:39:19,651
-Lawrence is in the meeting.
-They're not you.
2040
01:39:19,684 --> 01:39:21,853
You're the great salesman
of science.
2041
01:39:21,886 --> 01:39:24,489
You can convince
anyone of anything.
2042
01:39:25,191 --> 01:39:26,591
Even yourself.
2043
01:39:27,193 --> 01:39:28,593
'Scuse me.
2044
01:39:29,627 --> 01:39:32,897
The firestorm in Tokyo killed
100,000 people.
2045
01:39:32,931 --> 01:39:34,733
Mostly civilians.
2046
01:39:34,766 --> 01:39:37,303
I worry about an America
where we do these things
2047
01:39:37,336 --> 01:39:39,071
and no one protests.
2048
01:39:39,105 --> 01:39:42,141
Pearl Harbor and three years of
brutal conflict in the Pacific
2049
01:39:42,174 --> 01:39:44,709
bought us a lot of latitude
with the American public.
2050
01:39:44,743 --> 01:39:46,778
Enough to unleash
the atomic bomb?
2051
01:39:46,811 --> 01:39:48,680
Uh, the A-bomb might not cause
2052
01:39:48,713 --> 01:39:50,615
as much damage
as the Tokyo bombings.
2053
01:39:50,648 --> 01:39:52,017
What are we estimating?
2054
01:39:52,051 --> 01:39:54,886
In a medium-size city, uh,
2055
01:39:54,919 --> 01:39:56,322
20 or 30,000 dead.
2056
01:39:56,355 --> 01:39:58,157
Yes, but, uh,
2057
01:39:58,190 --> 01:40:01,227
don't underestimate
the psychological impact of a...
2058
01:40:01,260 --> 01:40:02,660
of an atomic explosion.
2059
01:40:02,694 --> 01:40:06,931
A pillar of fire
10,000 feet tall.
2060
01:40:06,965 --> 01:40:10,302
Deadly neutron effects
for a mile, in all directions,
2061
01:40:10,336 --> 01:40:13,239
from one single device.
2062
01:40:13,272 --> 01:40:15,607
Dropped from
a barely noticed B-29,
2063
01:40:15,640 --> 01:40:17,909
the atomic bomb will be
2064
01:40:17,942 --> 01:40:20,779
a terrible revelation
of divine power.
2065
01:40:20,812 --> 01:40:24,083
If that's true,
it would be definitive.
2066
01:40:24,116 --> 01:40:26,185
World War II would be over.
2067
01:40:26,218 --> 01:40:27,919
Our boys would come home.
2068
01:40:27,952 --> 01:40:29,088
Military targets?
2069
01:40:30,222 --> 01:40:32,891
Uh, there aren't any big enough.
2070
01:40:32,924 --> 01:40:38,696
Perhaps a vital war plant
with workers housed nearby.
2071
01:40:38,730 --> 01:40:41,067
And we could issue a warning
to reduce civilian casualties.
2072
01:40:41,100 --> 01:40:43,269
They'd send everything
they have up against us,
2073
01:40:43,302 --> 01:40:44,903
and I'd be up in that plane.
2074
01:40:44,936 --> 01:40:48,140
But if we announce it
and it fails to go off,
2075
01:40:48,174 --> 01:40:50,875
we'd scupper any chance
of a Japanese surrender.
2076
01:40:50,909 --> 01:40:54,012
Is there no way to demonstrate
a bomb to Japan
2077
01:40:54,046 --> 01:40:55,747
to provoke surrender?
2078
01:40:55,780 --> 01:40:58,850
We intend to demonstrate it
in the most unambiguous terms.
2079
01:40:58,883 --> 01:40:59,584
Twice.
2080
01:40:59,617 --> 01:41:01,686
Once to show the weapon's power
2081
01:41:01,719 --> 01:41:04,223
and a second to show
that we can keep doing this
2082
01:41:04,256 --> 01:41:05,757
until they surrender.
2083
01:41:05,790 --> 01:41:09,161
We have a list of 12 cities
to choose from...
2084
01:41:09,195 --> 01:41:11,097
Sorry, 11.
2085
01:41:11,130 --> 01:41:12,831
I've taken Kyoto off the list
2086
01:41:12,864 --> 01:41:16,668
due to its cultural significance
to the Japanese people.
2087
01:41:16,701 --> 01:41:19,338
Also, my wife and I
honeymooned there.
2088
01:41:19,371 --> 01:41:20,872
It's a magnificent city.
2089
01:41:24,443 --> 01:41:26,145
Let me make this
simple for you, gentlemen.
2090
01:41:26,178 --> 01:41:28,680
According to my intelligence,
which I cannot share with you,
2091
01:41:28,713 --> 01:41:31,151
the Japanese people
will not surrender
2092
01:41:31,184 --> 01:41:32,952
under any circumstances
2093
01:41:32,985 --> 01:41:36,389
short of a successful and total
invasion of the home islands.
2094
01:41:36,423 --> 01:41:39,392
Many lives will be lost,
American and Japanese.
2095
01:41:39,426 --> 01:41:41,660
The use of the atomic bomb
on Japanese cities
2096
01:41:41,694 --> 01:41:43,662
will save lives.
2097
01:41:43,696 --> 01:41:45,998
If we retain moral advantage.
2098
01:41:46,032 --> 01:41:48,168
-How so?
-Well, if we use this weapon
2099
01:41:48,201 --> 01:41:51,138
without informing our allies,
they'll see it as a threat.
2100
01:41:51,171 --> 01:41:52,339
And we'll be in an arms race.
2101
01:41:52,372 --> 01:41:54,441
How open can we be
with the Soviets?
2102
01:41:54,474 --> 01:41:56,042
Secrecy won't stop the Soviets
2103
01:41:56,076 --> 01:41:58,445
from becoming part
of the atomic world.
2104
01:41:58,478 --> 01:42:00,779
We've been told
they have no uranium.
2105
01:42:00,813 --> 01:42:02,014
You've been misinformed.
2106
01:42:02,048 --> 01:42:03,883
A Russian bomb
is a matter of time.
2107
01:42:03,916 --> 01:42:07,320
The program needs to continue
at full pace after the war.
2108
01:42:07,354 --> 01:42:09,955
Uh, Secretary Stimson,
if I may...
2109
01:42:09,989 --> 01:42:13,993
Not all scientists
on the project are in agreement.
2110
01:42:14,026 --> 01:42:16,896
In fact, this might be a moment
to consider other opinions.
2111
01:42:16,929 --> 01:42:18,831
-If you talk a scientist in...
-The Manhattan Project
2112
01:42:18,864 --> 01:42:20,233
has been plagued from the start
2113
01:42:20,267 --> 01:42:24,070
by certain scientists
of doubtful discretion
2114
01:42:24,104 --> 01:42:25,172
and uncertain loyalty.
2115
01:42:25,205 --> 01:42:27,440
One of them just tried to meet
with the president.
2116
01:42:27,474 --> 01:42:29,309
Now, we need these men,
2117
01:42:29,342 --> 01:42:30,876
but as soon as it's practical,
2118
01:42:30,910 --> 01:42:33,180
we should sever any such
scientists from the program.
2119
01:42:33,213 --> 01:42:34,780
Wouldn't you agree, Doctor?
2120
01:42:35,915 --> 01:42:37,750
If a Russian bomb
is inevitable,
2121
01:42:37,783 --> 01:42:41,054
perhaps we should invite
their top scientists to Trinity.
2122
01:42:41,087 --> 01:42:43,390
President Truman
has no intention
2123
01:42:43,423 --> 01:42:44,990
of raising expectations
2124
01:42:45,024 --> 01:42:47,826
that Stalin be included
in the atomic project.
2125
01:42:47,860 --> 01:42:49,229
Informing him
of our breakthrough
2126
01:42:49,262 --> 01:42:50,863
and presenting it as a means
to win the war
2127
01:42:50,896 --> 01:42:53,799
need not make
unkeepable promises.
2128
01:42:53,832 --> 01:42:55,368
But the Potsdam
peace conference in July
2129
01:42:55,402 --> 01:42:57,304
will be President Truman's
last chance
2130
01:42:57,337 --> 01:42:59,472
to have that conversation.
2131
01:42:59,506 --> 01:43:01,408
Can you give us
a working bomb by then?
2132
01:43:02,375 --> 01:43:06,112
Absolutely. We will test fire
before the conference.
2133
01:43:10,849 --> 01:43:13,386
Ground zero observation posts
2134
01:43:13,420 --> 01:43:14,887
at 10,000 yards
2135
01:43:14,920 --> 01:43:17,090
north, south and west.
2136
01:43:17,123 --> 01:43:20,427
-Where do we trigger from?
-Uh, south 10,000.
2137
01:43:20,460 --> 01:43:23,796
And base camp
is ten miles south, here.
2138
01:43:23,829 --> 01:43:26,765
And there's a further
observation post
2139
01:43:26,799 --> 01:43:28,968
on-on that hill 20 miles away.
2140
01:43:29,001 --> 01:43:31,971
What's that, Frank?
Trigger lines already went in.
2141
01:43:32,004 --> 01:43:35,508
The Air Force requested
a line of lights for their B-29.
2142
01:43:35,542 --> 01:43:37,977
What B-29?
Our bomb's on the tower.
2143
01:43:38,010 --> 01:43:39,379
They want to use the test
2144
01:43:39,412 --> 01:43:41,248
to confirm a safe
operating distance.
2145
01:43:41,281 --> 01:43:42,515
That's risky.
2146
01:43:42,549 --> 01:43:44,184
Not as risky as dropping one
over Japan
2147
01:43:44,217 --> 01:43:45,985
and hoping that we were right
about the blast radius.
2148
01:43:46,018 --> 01:43:48,121
Don't let them slow us down,
we're firing on the 15th.
2149
01:43:48,154 --> 01:43:51,392
-The 15th? That's not...
-The 15th.
2150
01:43:51,425 --> 01:43:53,760
The 15th.
2151
01:43:54,861 --> 01:43:56,796
So I'll be here
at South Observation point
2152
01:43:56,830 --> 01:43:59,033
with Frank and Kistiakowsky.
2153
01:43:59,066 --> 01:44:01,569
You'll all be assigned
to Base Camp,
2154
01:44:01,602 --> 01:44:04,804
West Observation
or Far Observation.
2155
01:44:14,448 --> 01:44:16,350
Whoa, whoa.
Careful with the knife.
2156
01:44:16,384 --> 01:44:18,818
There, carefully.
2157
01:44:19,919 --> 01:44:21,455
Are those safe distances?
2158
01:44:21,489 --> 01:44:23,990
They're based
on your calculations.
2159
01:44:24,024 --> 01:44:26,926
Time to stand behind
your science, Hans. Literally.
2160
01:44:50,351 --> 01:44:51,818
Yeah.
2161
01:44:56,490 --> 01:44:58,326
What 'bout the radiation cloud?
2162
01:44:58,359 --> 01:44:59,593
Without high winds,
2163
01:44:59,627 --> 01:45:01,195
it should settle
within two to three miles.
2164
01:45:01,228 --> 01:45:03,631
Evacuation measures
are in place.
2165
01:45:03,664 --> 01:45:05,466
But we need good weather
for visibility,
2166
01:45:05,499 --> 01:45:06,966
so it has to be fine.
2167
01:45:08,069 --> 01:45:09,337
Everybody out.
2168
01:45:19,513 --> 01:45:20,648
We go on the night of the 15th.
2169
01:45:20,681 --> 01:45:22,616
It's a hard deadline,
2170
01:45:22,650 --> 01:45:25,952
so if anyone has anything,
speak now.
2171
01:45:26,654 --> 01:45:27,987
Okay, stop, stop.
2172
01:45:28,021 --> 01:45:29,889
Everybody, mattresses.
2173
01:45:29,923 --> 01:45:31,991
Put the mattress underneath.
2174
01:45:48,975 --> 01:45:51,878
Could use
a final implosion test.
2175
01:45:52,580 --> 01:45:54,548
It couldn't hurt.
2176
01:45:54,582 --> 01:45:56,083
Do it.
2177
01:45:57,051 --> 01:45:59,353
Is there anything else
that might stop us?
2178
01:46:33,455 --> 01:46:36,358
It's happening, isn't it?
2179
01:46:37,459 --> 01:46:39,227
I'll send a message.
2180
01:46:40,095 --> 01:46:42,731
If it's gone our way,
2181
01:46:42,764 --> 01:46:44,332
take in the sheets.
2182
01:46:48,370 --> 01:46:49,404
Robert?
2183
01:46:52,073 --> 01:46:53,508
Break a leg.
2184
01:48:00,075 --> 01:48:03,211
Oppie's taken a very modest
three kilotons.
2185
01:48:03,245 --> 01:48:05,614
-Teller's in with 45.
-20.
2186
01:48:05,647 --> 01:48:08,083
Twenty thousand tons of TNT,
2187
01:48:08,116 --> 01:48:09,518
and does anyone want
the side action
2188
01:48:09,551 --> 01:48:12,287
on atmospheric ignition?
2189
01:48:13,255 --> 01:48:16,191
Are you saying
we'll have to delay?
2190
01:48:16,224 --> 01:48:17,392
I'm saying it would be prudent.
2191
01:48:17,425 --> 01:48:18,660
This weather,
has it reached the site?
2192
01:48:24,499 --> 01:48:26,468
Bethe is calling to tell you
the implosion test failed.
2193
01:48:26,501 --> 01:48:28,136
Hello, Hans.
2194
01:48:28,169 --> 01:48:29,571
Yes, he's here.
2195
01:48:30,405 --> 01:48:31,740
Yes.
2196
01:48:34,310 --> 01:48:35,511
-Is he wrong?
-No.
2197
01:48:35,545 --> 01:48:37,446
-No?
-No.
2198
01:48:38,281 --> 01:48:39,849
So we're about to fire a dud?
2199
01:48:39,882 --> 01:48:41,350
-No.
-Explain.
2200
01:48:41,384 --> 01:48:44,153
Well, I can't. I just...
I-I just know.
2201
01:48:44,186 --> 01:48:45,855
I know the implosion lenses
will work.
2202
01:48:45,888 --> 01:48:47,290
If we fire these detonators
2203
01:48:47,323 --> 01:48:48,558
and they don't
trigger a reaction,
2204
01:48:48,591 --> 01:48:50,259
two years' worth of plutonium
2205
01:48:50,293 --> 01:48:51,694
will be scattered
across White Sands.
2206
01:48:51,727 --> 01:48:55,631
A month of my salary against
ten bucks says it lights.
2207
01:48:55,665 --> 01:48:57,667
Jesus.
2208
01:49:02,738 --> 01:49:05,875
The wind's picking
up at zero, not the rain.
2209
01:49:05,908 --> 01:49:07,343
Lightning's circling.
2210
01:49:07,376 --> 01:49:08,811
You think it might be time
to tell your men
2211
01:49:08,844 --> 01:49:11,747
to get away from the steel tower
with the atomic bomb?
2212
01:49:14,884 --> 01:49:16,852
Let's get to South Observation.
2213
01:49:16,886 --> 01:49:18,354
Pull 'em out.
2214
01:49:18,387 --> 01:49:19,789
We can make
our determination there.
2215
01:49:25,194 --> 01:49:27,196
The team hasn't slept
in two nights.
2216
01:49:27,229 --> 01:49:29,231
If we stand down,
make the bomb safe,
2217
01:49:29,265 --> 01:49:30,600
we won't be back here for weeks.
2218
01:49:30,633 --> 01:49:32,301
Then we'll miss Potsdam.
2219
01:49:32,335 --> 01:49:34,236
I gotta get word
to Truman by 7:00.
2220
01:49:34,270 --> 01:49:35,504
Our window's closing.
2221
01:49:35,538 --> 01:49:36,606
What is this doing?
2222
01:49:36,639 --> 01:49:38,140
Raining, blowing, lightning.
2223
01:49:38,174 --> 01:49:40,209
-For how long, damn it?
-It's holdin' strong.
2224
01:49:40,242 --> 01:49:41,544
It'll break before dawn.
2225
01:49:41,577 --> 01:49:43,245
-How could you know that?
-I know this desert.
2226
01:49:43,279 --> 01:49:44,380
Storm cools overnight.
2227
01:49:44,413 --> 01:49:46,215
Just before dawn,
the storm breaks.
2228
01:49:46,248 --> 01:49:48,451
He could be right, but schedule
as late as possible.
2229
01:49:48,484 --> 01:49:50,219
5:30!
2230
01:49:50,252 --> 01:49:51,287
Sign your forecast.
2231
01:49:51,320 --> 01:49:52,388
If you're wrong, I'll hang you.
2232
01:49:52,421 --> 01:49:54,223
Frank, tell them all, 5:30.
2233
01:49:54,256 --> 01:49:56,392
-5:30, 5:30.
-5:30.
2234
01:49:58,594 --> 01:50:03,532
Three years,
4,000 people, $2 billion.
2235
01:50:03,566 --> 01:50:05,935
Well, if it doesn't go off...
2236
01:50:05,968 --> 01:50:07,570
we're both finished.
2237
01:50:10,339 --> 01:50:12,308
I'm betting on three kilotons.
2238
01:50:13,275 --> 01:50:14,710
Anything less,
they won't get what it is.
2239
01:50:14,744 --> 01:50:19,315
What did Fermi mean
by "atmospheric ignition"?
2240
01:50:19,348 --> 01:50:20,816
Well, we had a moment
where it looked like
2241
01:50:20,850 --> 01:50:24,687
the chain reaction from an
atomic device might never stop.
2242
01:50:25,921 --> 01:50:27,957
Setting fire to the atmosphere.
2243
01:50:27,990 --> 01:50:29,959
Why is Fermi
still taking side bets on it?
2244
01:50:29,992 --> 01:50:33,162
Call it gallows humor.
2245
01:50:35,498 --> 01:50:38,300
Wait, are we saying
there's a chance
2246
01:50:38,334 --> 01:50:40,202
that when we push that button,
2247
01:50:40,236 --> 01:50:41,570
we destroy the world?
2248
01:50:41,604 --> 01:50:43,773
Nothing in our research
over three years
2249
01:50:43,806 --> 01:50:45,441
supports that conclusion.
2250
01:50:45,474 --> 01:50:48,444
Except as the most
remote possibility.
2251
01:50:48,477 --> 01:50:49,812
How remote?
2252
01:50:49,845 --> 01:50:51,447
Chances are near zero.
2253
01:50:52,782 --> 01:50:54,183
Near zero?
2254
01:50:54,951 --> 01:50:57,521
What do you want
from theory alone?
2255
01:50:59,022 --> 01:51:01,391
Zero would be nice.
2256
01:51:04,695 --> 01:51:06,329
In exactly
2257
01:51:06,363 --> 01:51:09,666
one hour, 58 minutes,
2258
01:51:09,700 --> 01:51:11,234
we'll know.
2259
01:51:17,274 --> 01:51:18,475
It's letting up.
2260
01:51:31,354 --> 01:51:33,724
The arming party's left Zero,
they're heading this way.
2261
01:51:33,757 --> 01:51:34,725
Throwing the switches.
2262
01:51:34,758 --> 01:51:35,859
Turn the cars.
2263
01:51:35,892 --> 01:51:38,361
Ready for emergency evacuation.
2264
01:51:56,047 --> 01:51:57,280
...welder's glass.
2265
01:51:57,314 --> 01:51:58,882
Everybody take your places.
2266
01:51:58,915 --> 01:52:01,418
Everybody take a welder's glass.
2267
01:52:02,919 --> 01:52:04,788
Everybody take a welder's glass.
2268
01:52:56,006 --> 01:52:57,407
Twenty minutes.
2269
01:53:00,911 --> 01:53:02,746
Twenty minutes.
2270
01:53:13,924 --> 01:53:15,458
That's 20.
2271
01:53:18,462 --> 01:53:19,931
On the leg, please.
2272
01:53:21,465 --> 01:53:23,968
-Feynman.
-No.
2273
01:53:24,001 --> 01:53:25,970
The glass. Stops the U.V.
2274
01:53:26,003 --> 01:53:27,805
And what stops the glass?
2275
01:53:28,806 --> 01:53:31,776
I'm gonna head to base camp.
Best of luck.
2276
01:53:32,910 --> 01:53:34,445
Robert.
2277
01:53:35,047 --> 01:53:36,881
Try not to blow up the world.
2278
01:53:48,759 --> 01:53:49,861
Watch that needle.
2279
01:53:49,894 --> 01:53:51,462
If the detonators don't charge
2280
01:53:51,495 --> 01:53:53,431
or the voltage drops
below one volt,
2281
01:53:53,464 --> 01:53:55,466
you hit that button, you abort.
2282
01:53:55,499 --> 01:53:57,802
-Understood?
-Understood.
2283
01:54:05,210 --> 01:54:07,745
Two minutes to detonation.
2284
01:54:07,778 --> 01:54:09,747
Everybody down.
2285
01:54:09,780 --> 01:54:10,748
Do not turn around
2286
01:54:10,781 --> 01:54:13,851
until you see light
reflected on the hills.
2287
01:54:13,885 --> 01:54:15,019
Then look at the explosion
2288
01:54:15,053 --> 01:54:16,687
only through
your welder's glass.
2289
01:54:16,721 --> 01:54:19,423
Ninety seconds to detonation.
2290
01:54:21,059 --> 01:54:23,895
Ninety seconds to detonation.
2291
01:54:23,928 --> 01:54:26,030
Is it rubbed in?
2292
01:54:26,064 --> 01:54:27,431
Yeah.
2293
01:54:33,771 --> 01:54:36,874
Sixty seconds to detonation.
2294
01:54:51,555 --> 01:54:53,791
These things are hard
on your heart.
2295
01:54:53,824 --> 01:54:55,526
Thirty seconds.
2296
01:55:00,631 --> 01:55:02,033
Detonators charged.
2297
01:55:12,177 --> 01:55:15,646
Seventeen, sixteen,
2298
01:55:15,680 --> 01:55:16,847
fifteen,
2299
01:55:16,881 --> 01:55:18,050
fourteen,
2300
01:55:18,083 --> 01:55:19,884
thirteen,
2301
01:55:19,917 --> 01:55:22,087
twelve,
2302
01:55:22,120 --> 01:55:23,788
eleven,
2303
01:55:23,821 --> 01:55:25,790
ten,
2304
01:55:25,823 --> 01:55:28,226
nine,
2305
01:55:28,260 --> 01:55:30,228
eight,
2306
01:55:30,262 --> 01:55:32,830
seven,
2307
01:55:32,863 --> 01:55:35,233
six...
2308
01:55:35,267 --> 01:55:36,734
...five...
2309
01:55:38,737 --> 01:55:41,207
...four...
2310
01:55:41,240 --> 01:55:43,176
three...
2311
01:55:43,209 --> 01:55:44,743
two...
2312
01:55:46,045 --> 01:55:47,113
...one.
2313
01:56:08,633 --> 01:56:10,569
Poof.
2314
01:57:19,372 --> 01:57:22,741
"And now I am become Death.
2315
01:57:24,643 --> 01:57:26,812
The destroyer of worlds."
2316
01:57:59,812 --> 01:58:01,181
It worked.
2317
01:58:36,416 --> 01:58:38,418
-You owe me ten dollars!
-Oh!
2318
01:58:40,753 --> 01:58:41,888
-Come on!
-Hang on.
2319
01:58:41,921 --> 01:58:43,357
I'm good for it, Kisty.
2320
01:58:43,390 --> 01:58:45,691
You are.
2321
01:58:45,725 --> 01:58:48,428
Yes, you are!
2322
01:59:12,519 --> 01:59:14,054
Well done.
2323
01:59:15,755 --> 01:59:18,292
We did it! We did it!
2324
01:59:18,325 --> 01:59:20,227
Well done.
2325
01:59:25,031 --> 01:59:26,866
-Get me Potsdam right away.
-Yes, sir.
2326
01:59:38,345 --> 01:59:40,113
Get a message to Kitty.
2327
01:59:40,147 --> 01:59:40,846
We can't say anything.
2328
01:59:40,880 --> 01:59:42,815
Tell her to take in the sheets.
2329
01:59:50,823 --> 01:59:52,359
We did it, everyone!
2330
01:59:57,231 --> 01:59:59,031
Hello?
2331
01:59:59,066 --> 02:00:01,501
-Hi, Kitty?
-What, what? Charlotte...
2332
02:00:01,535 --> 02:00:02,902
Charlotte, go ahead, go ahead.
2333
02:00:02,935 --> 02:00:04,304
Oh, um, well, I don't know,
2334
02:00:04,338 --> 02:00:07,541
he just said to tell you
to "bring in the sheets."
2335
02:00:10,244 --> 02:00:11,811
Kitty?
2336
02:00:12,912 --> 02:00:15,349
Kitty?
Kitty, are you still there?
2337
02:00:22,257 --> 02:00:24,392
If they detonate it
too high in the air,
2338
02:00:24,425 --> 02:00:25,792
the blast won't be as powerful.
2339
02:00:25,826 --> 02:00:27,861
With respect, Dr. Oppenheimer,
2340
02:00:27,894 --> 02:00:29,930
we'll take it from here.
2341
02:00:40,174 --> 02:00:43,077
Did Truman brief Stalin
at Potsdam?
2342
02:00:43,111 --> 02:00:45,846
A brief would be
an overstatement.
2343
02:00:45,879 --> 02:00:49,950
He referred
to a powerful new weapon.
2344
02:00:49,983 --> 02:00:55,056
Stalin hoped we'd use it
against Japan.
2345
02:00:56,291 --> 02:00:58,025
That's it?
2346
02:00:58,059 --> 02:01:01,296
Robert, we've given them an ace,
it's for them to play the hand.
2347
02:01:03,431 --> 02:01:05,533
You're aiming for the 6th?
2348
02:01:05,566 --> 02:01:07,868
It's up to the CO
in the Pacific.
2349
02:01:09,203 --> 02:01:11,272
Shall I come with you
to Washington?
2350
02:01:12,873 --> 02:01:14,108
What for?
2351
02:01:16,377 --> 02:01:17,978
Well, you'll keep me informed.
2352
02:01:19,314 --> 02:01:20,947
Of course.
2353
02:01:22,517 --> 02:01:24,118
As best I can.
2354
02:01:41,536 --> 02:01:44,405
Would the Japanese surrender
if they knew what was coming?
2355
02:01:45,640 --> 02:01:47,241
I don't know.
2356
02:01:49,644 --> 02:01:51,646
Have you seen
Szilard's petition?
2357
02:01:51,679 --> 02:01:54,415
What the hell does Szilard
know about the Japanese?
2358
02:01:54,449 --> 02:01:55,650
You're not signing it, are you?
2359
02:01:55,683 --> 02:01:59,087
Many people have.
A lot of people have.
2360
02:01:59,120 --> 02:02:00,254
Edward.
2361
02:02:01,522 --> 02:02:03,191
The fact that we built this bomb
2362
02:02:03,224 --> 02:02:06,227
does not give us any more...
any more right or responsibility
2363
02:02:06,260 --> 02:02:08,363
to decide how it's used
than anyone else.
2364
02:02:08,396 --> 02:02:10,398
But we're the only people
who know about it.
2365
02:02:10,431 --> 02:02:14,000
I've told Stimson the various
opinions of the community.
2366
02:02:14,034 --> 02:02:15,436
But what's your opinion?
2367
02:02:16,671 --> 02:02:18,206
Once it's used...
2368
02:02:19,307 --> 02:02:23,009
...nuclear war,
perhaps all war...
2369
02:02:24,612 --> 02:02:26,047
...becomes unthinkable.
2370
02:02:26,080 --> 02:02:29,083
Until somebody
builds a bigger bomb.
2371
02:02:49,671 --> 02:02:51,407
I thought they would call.
2372
02:02:51,440 --> 02:02:53,007
It's only the 5th.
2373
02:02:55,177 --> 02:02:57,179
In Japan, it's the 6th.
2374
02:03:10,325 --> 02:03:11,326
Charlotte.
2375
02:03:13,662 --> 02:03:15,364
Try Groves.
2376
02:03:16,365 --> 02:03:17,433
Anything?
2377
02:03:19,735 --> 02:03:21,103
Charlotte?
2378
02:03:21,136 --> 02:03:22,438
Truman's on the radio.
2379
02:03:23,372 --> 02:03:26,275
Sixteen hours ago,
2380
02:03:26,308 --> 02:03:32,214
an American airplane dropped
one bomb on Hiroshima...
2381
02:03:33,248 --> 02:03:36,385
...and destroyed its usefulness
to the enemy.
2382
02:03:38,353 --> 02:03:44,226
The bomb had more power
than 20,000 tons of TNT.
2383
02:03:45,694 --> 02:03:48,163
It is an atomic bomb.
2384
02:03:51,366 --> 02:03:52,734
It is a harnessing
2385
02:03:52,768 --> 02:03:55,537
of the basic powers
of the universe.
2386
02:03:57,573 --> 02:03:59,208
Groves on one.
2387
02:03:59,241 --> 02:04:02,277
We are now prepared
to destroy more rapidly
2388
02:04:02,311 --> 02:04:04,613
and completely the Japanese...
2389
02:04:04,646 --> 02:04:06,315
General?
2390
02:04:06,348 --> 02:04:09,384
I'm very proud of you
and all of your people.
2391
02:04:09,418 --> 02:04:10,752
It went all right?
2392
02:04:10,786 --> 02:04:13,755
Apparently, it went
with a tremendous bang.
2393
02:04:13,789 --> 02:04:15,424
Well,
2394
02:04:15,457 --> 02:04:18,393
everyone here is feeling
reasonably good about it.
2395
02:04:19,828 --> 02:04:21,463
It's been a long road.
2396
02:04:21,497 --> 02:04:24,299
I think one of
the wisest things I ever did
2397
02:04:24,333 --> 02:04:27,369
was when I selected
the director of Los Alamos.
2398
02:04:29,738 --> 02:04:32,074
We have spent
2399
02:04:32,107 --> 02:04:34,109
more than $2 billion
2400
02:04:34,142 --> 02:04:38,380
on the greatest
scientific gamble in history,
2401
02:04:38,413 --> 02:04:41,250
and we have won.
2402
02:04:44,786 --> 02:04:47,489
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2403
02:04:47,523 --> 02:04:49,525
Oppie! Oppie!
2404
02:04:49,558 --> 02:04:52,761
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2405
02:04:52,794 --> 02:04:54,630
Oppie! Oppie!
2406
02:04:54,663 --> 02:04:57,432
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2407
02:04:57,466 --> 02:05:00,802
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2408
02:05:00,836 --> 02:05:05,441
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2409
02:05:05,475 --> 02:05:06,809
Oppie! Oppie!
2410
02:05:06,843 --> 02:05:09,412
Oppie! Oppie! Oppie! Oppie!
2411
02:06:08,504 --> 02:06:09,606
The world...
2412
02:06:11,608 --> 02:06:12,742
...will remember this day.
2413
02:06:31,661 --> 02:06:33,396
It's too soon to...
2414
02:06:34,263 --> 02:06:35,932
It's too soon to determine
2415
02:06:35,965 --> 02:06:38,334
what the results
of the bombing are.
2416
02:06:41,270 --> 02:06:42,872
But I'll bet the Japanese
didn't like it.
2417
02:07:03,760 --> 02:07:05,294
I'm so proud.
2418
02:07:06,429 --> 02:07:08,564
So proud of what
you have accomplished.
2419
02:07:14,871 --> 02:07:18,708
I just wish we had it in time
to use against the Germans.
2420
02:09:08,552 --> 02:09:10,420
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2421
02:09:11,021 --> 02:09:13,323
Dr. Oppenheimer?
2422
02:09:13,357 --> 02:09:15,025
-Nice picture.
-Oh.
2423
02:09:15,059 --> 02:09:17,394
President Truman
will see you now.
2424
02:09:31,109 --> 02:09:33,944
Dr. Oppenheimer. It's an honor.
2425
02:09:33,977 --> 02:09:35,913
-Mr. President.
-Please.
2426
02:09:35,946 --> 02:09:37,748
Thank you.
2427
02:09:37,781 --> 02:09:39,316
Secretary Byrnes.
2428
02:09:40,517 --> 02:09:42,519
How's it feel to be
2429
02:09:42,553 --> 02:09:44,588
the most famous man
in the world?
2430
02:09:45,589 --> 02:09:48,660
You helped save a lot
of American lives.
2431
02:09:48,693 --> 02:09:51,063
What we did
at Hiroshima was a...
2432
02:09:51,096 --> 02:09:53,031
And Nagasaki.
2433
02:09:53,065 --> 02:09:55,067
Well, obviously.
2434
02:09:55,100 --> 02:09:59,037
Your invention let us
bring our boys home.
2435
02:09:59,071 --> 02:10:02,440
Well, it was hardly
my invention.
2436
02:10:02,473 --> 02:10:04,742
It was you on the cover of Time.
2437
02:10:07,612 --> 02:10:09,148
Jim tells me you're concerned
2438
02:10:09,181 --> 02:10:10,949
about an arms race
with the Soviets.
2439
02:10:10,982 --> 02:10:13,351
Uh, yes, uh...
2440
02:10:14,053 --> 02:10:15,553
Well, um,
2441
02:10:15,587 --> 02:10:20,692
it's that, uh, now is
our chance to secure
2442
02:10:20,725 --> 02:10:23,595
international cooperation on
atomic energy,
2443
02:10:23,628 --> 02:10:26,664
and... and I'm concerned...
2444
02:10:26,698 --> 02:10:28,933
Do you know when the Soviets
are gonna have the bomb?
2445
02:10:28,967 --> 02:10:30,902
I don't think I could give a...
2446
02:10:30,935 --> 02:10:32,338
Never.
2447
02:10:32,971 --> 02:10:34,606
Never.
2448
02:10:34,639 --> 02:10:37,809
Mr. President, the-the Russians
have good physicists
2449
02:10:37,842 --> 02:10:39,477
and-and...
and abundant resources.
2450
02:10:39,510 --> 02:10:41,613
-Abundant?
-Yes.
2451
02:10:41,646 --> 02:10:44,916
I don't think so.
2452
02:10:44,949 --> 02:10:48,486
Well, they'll-they'll put
everything they have and...
2453
02:10:51,756 --> 02:10:55,627
I hear you're leaving
Los Alamos.
2454
02:10:56,895 --> 02:10:57,996
What should we do with it?
2455
02:10:58,029 --> 02:11:00,531
Give it back to the Indians.
2456
02:11:07,939 --> 02:11:11,176
Um... Dr. Oppenheimer,
2457
02:11:11,210 --> 02:11:13,544
if what you say about
the Soviets is true,
2458
02:11:13,578 --> 02:11:16,981
we have to build up Los Alamos,
2459
02:11:17,015 --> 02:11:18,917
not shut it down.
2460
02:11:22,154 --> 02:11:23,955
Uh, Mr. President...
2461
02:11:25,023 --> 02:11:26,524
Um...
2462
02:11:29,194 --> 02:11:32,864
I feel that I have blood
on my hands.
2463
02:11:52,650 --> 02:11:57,956
You think anyone
in Hiroshima or Nagasaki
2464
02:11:57,989 --> 02:12:01,025
gives a shit who built the bomb?
2465
02:12:04,196 --> 02:12:06,564
They care who dropped it.
2466
02:12:07,266 --> 02:12:09,535
I did.
2467
02:12:10,769 --> 02:12:13,739
Hiroshima isn't about you.
2468
02:12:19,878 --> 02:12:22,014
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2469
02:12:32,958 --> 02:12:35,761
Don't let that crybaby
back in here.
2470
02:12:40,866 --> 02:12:43,902
Robert saw that
hand-wringing got him nowhere.
2471
02:12:43,936 --> 02:12:47,273
By the time I'd met him,
he'd fully embraced
2472
02:12:47,307 --> 02:12:49,875
his "father of the bomb"
reputation.
2473
02:12:49,908 --> 02:12:52,312
Used his profile
to influence policy.
2474
02:13:01,787 --> 02:13:03,156
Doctor, in the years
following the war,
2475
02:13:03,189 --> 02:13:05,325
would you say that
you exerted a great influence
2476
02:13:05,358 --> 02:13:07,160
on the atomic policies
of the USA?
2477
02:13:07,193 --> 02:13:09,895
I think great
would be an overstatement.
2478
02:13:09,928 --> 02:13:11,897
Really? If we look
at the issue of isotopes,
2479
02:13:11,930 --> 02:13:13,632
were you not
personally responsible
2480
02:13:13,665 --> 02:13:15,701
for destroying all opposition
to their export?
2481
02:13:15,734 --> 02:13:18,604
Could use a-a bottle of beer...
2482
02:13:18,637 --> 02:13:20,306
...when making atomic weapons.
In fact, you do.
2483
02:13:20,340 --> 02:13:22,808
I was the spokesman,
but the-the opinion
2484
02:13:22,841 --> 02:13:24,643
among scientists was unanimous.
2485
02:13:24,676 --> 02:13:26,346
All along with McCarthy
on the rise,
2486
02:13:26,379 --> 02:13:27,780
he knew he was vulnerable.
2487
02:13:27,813 --> 02:13:29,182
His brother was blacklisted
2488
02:13:29,215 --> 02:13:32,118
by every university
in the country.
2489
02:13:33,219 --> 02:13:36,056
Lomanitz wound up working
the railroad, laying track.
2490
02:13:38,657 --> 02:13:40,093
And Chevalier went into exile.
2491
02:13:43,229 --> 02:13:44,663
But none of that
2492
02:13:44,696 --> 02:13:46,665
stopped Robert
from pushing the GAC
2493
02:13:46,698 --> 02:13:49,568
to recommend arms control
instead of the H-bomb.
2494
02:13:51,371 --> 02:13:52,838
He was devastated
2495
02:13:52,871 --> 02:13:54,940
when Truman rejected
their recommendation.
2496
02:13:56,675 --> 02:13:59,212
I miss Richard
more than I can bear.
2497
02:13:59,245 --> 02:14:01,013
I know, Ruth, I know.
2498
02:14:01,047 --> 02:14:04,150
Part of me's glad he didn't live
to see where this is all going.
2499
02:14:06,919 --> 02:14:08,354
Here comes the birthday boy.
2500
02:14:08,388 --> 02:14:10,989
-To gloat.
-Have fun.
2501
02:14:11,990 --> 02:14:14,360
Robert, uh, my son and his
fiancée are desperate to meet
2502
02:14:14,394 --> 02:14:16,362
the father of the atomic bomb,
and so...
2503
02:14:16,396 --> 02:14:19,199
Well. Good day.
2504
02:14:25,271 --> 02:14:27,373
Is this a bad time?
2505
02:14:27,407 --> 02:14:28,907
What do you think, Lewis?
2506
02:14:28,941 --> 02:14:31,010
Well, I think it must have
been a blow for you.
2507
02:14:31,044 --> 02:14:33,180
For the world.
2508
02:14:33,214 --> 02:14:34,848
The world?
2509
02:14:34,881 --> 02:14:38,852
What does Fuchs mean
to the rest of the world?
2510
02:14:38,885 --> 02:14:40,287
Fuchs?
2511
02:14:40,321 --> 02:14:41,921
Klaus Fuchs?
2512
02:14:43,357 --> 02:14:45,758
Oh, dear. You haven't heard.
2513
02:14:48,928 --> 02:14:50,797
Klaus Fuchs, the British
scientist that you put
2514
02:14:50,830 --> 02:14:53,867
onto the implosion team
at Los Alamos,
2515
02:14:53,900 --> 02:14:56,035
turns out he was...
2516
02:14:56,070 --> 02:14:59,340
he was spying for the Soviets
the whole time.
2517
02:14:59,373 --> 02:15:00,907
I'm sorry.
2518
02:15:06,080 --> 02:15:08,982
After the truth
about Fuchs came out,
2519
02:15:09,015 --> 02:15:11,118
the FBI stepped up
surveillance on him.
2520
02:15:11,152 --> 02:15:15,021
He knew his phone was tapped,
he was followed everywhere...
2521
02:15:16,390 --> 02:15:17,824
...his trash picked through.
2522
02:15:21,828 --> 02:15:23,297
But never stopped
speaking his mind.
2523
02:15:23,330 --> 02:15:25,999
A man of conviction.
2524
02:15:26,032 --> 02:15:28,868
And maybe he thought fame
could actually protect him.
2525
02:15:30,371 --> 02:15:33,806
When Eisenhower took office,
he saw one more chance.
2526
02:15:35,209 --> 02:15:36,243
He took it.
2527
02:15:36,277 --> 02:15:38,745
America and Russia
2528
02:15:38,778 --> 02:15:43,050
may be likened
to two scorpions in a bottle,
2529
02:15:43,083 --> 02:15:46,453
each capable
of killing the other
2530
02:15:46,487 --> 02:15:49,190
but only at the risk
of his own life.
2531
02:15:49,223 --> 02:15:51,991
Now, there are various aspects
of this policy...
2532
02:15:52,025 --> 02:15:54,027
Lot of scientists blame me,
2533
02:15:54,061 --> 02:15:57,198
but how was I supposed
to protect him?
2534
02:15:57,231 --> 02:15:59,200
...too secret for discussion,
2535
02:15:59,233 --> 02:16:01,235
candor is the only remedy.
2536
02:16:01,268 --> 02:16:02,802
Officials in Washington
2537
02:16:02,835 --> 02:16:04,338
need to start leveling
with the American people.
2538
02:16:06,039 --> 02:16:08,875
That was the last straw
for Robert's enemies.
2539
02:16:08,908 --> 02:16:10,944
So he had to lose
his security clearance.
2540
02:16:10,977 --> 02:16:13,746
And with it, his credibility.
2541
02:16:13,780 --> 02:16:16,183
But how could they do it?
2542
02:16:16,217 --> 02:16:17,484
He was a war hero.
2543
02:16:17,518 --> 02:16:19,220
He'd already told everyone
about his past.
2544
02:16:19,253 --> 02:16:21,222
Borden dredged it all up.
2545
02:16:21,255 --> 02:16:24,491
How could Borden get access
to Oppenheimer's FBI file?
2546
02:16:24,525 --> 02:16:26,093
Could it have been Nichols?
2547
02:16:26,126 --> 02:16:28,429
No, I can't imagine
he'd do that.
2548
02:16:28,462 --> 02:16:30,497
But whoever did
unleashed a firestorm
2549
02:16:30,531 --> 02:16:32,533
that burned a path
from the White House
2550
02:16:32,566 --> 02:16:35,236
back to my desk at the AEC.
2551
02:16:35,269 --> 02:16:37,104
You see them in there, right?
2552
02:16:37,137 --> 02:16:41,007
I've been working
my whole life to get here.
2553
02:16:41,040 --> 02:16:43,077
Cabinet of
the United States of America.
2554
02:16:43,110 --> 02:16:45,044
Now, in front
of the entire country,
2555
02:16:45,079 --> 02:16:47,147
they're gonna put me
back in my place.
2556
02:16:48,582 --> 02:16:51,253
A lowly shoe salesman.
2557
02:16:51,286 --> 02:16:53,121
Lewis, we can win this thing.
2558
02:16:53,154 --> 02:16:55,223
I-I think we can
get the Senate to grasp
2559
02:16:55,257 --> 02:16:58,059
that you did your duty,
painful though it was.
2560
02:16:58,093 --> 02:16:59,860
Now, will Hill's testimony
back us up?
2561
02:16:59,893 --> 02:17:01,862
-Hill will be fine.
-I don't really know him,
2562
02:17:01,895 --> 02:17:04,065
but, uh, he was one
of Szilard's boys in Chicago,
2563
02:17:04,099 --> 02:17:06,134
and they never forgave Robert
for not supporting
2564
02:17:06,167 --> 02:17:08,570
their petition
against bombing Japan.
2565
02:17:08,603 --> 02:17:13,807
This was taken 31 days
after the bombing.
2566
02:17:13,841 --> 02:17:16,578
Virtually everyone
in the street,
2567
02:17:16,611 --> 02:17:18,846
for nearly a mile around,
2568
02:17:18,879 --> 02:17:22,083
was instantly
and seriously burned.
2569
02:17:23,318 --> 02:17:27,855
The, uh, Japanese spoke of
people who wore striped clothing
2570
02:17:27,888 --> 02:17:30,858
upon whom the skin
was burned in stripes.
2571
02:17:31,925 --> 02:17:34,296
There were many
who thought themselves lucky,
2572
02:17:34,329 --> 02:17:37,031
who climbed out of the ruins
of their homes
2573
02:17:37,065 --> 02:17:38,932
only slightly injured.
2574
02:17:40,068 --> 02:17:41,835
But they died anyway.
2575
02:17:42,504 --> 02:17:45,607
They died days or weeks later
2576
02:17:45,640 --> 02:17:48,976
from the radium-like rays
emitted in great numbers
2577
02:17:49,009 --> 02:17:50,911
at the moment of the explosion.
2578
02:17:52,113 --> 02:17:54,182
Did you read this crap
in the papers?
2579
02:17:54,215 --> 02:17:57,017
A British physicist is saying
the atomic bombings
2580
02:17:57,052 --> 02:17:59,220
were not the last act
of World War II
2581
02:17:59,254 --> 02:18:02,390
but the first act
of this cold war with Russia.
2582
02:18:02,424 --> 02:18:03,891
Which physicist?
2583
02:18:03,924 --> 02:18:05,327
I think you knew him.
2584
02:18:05,360 --> 02:18:06,960
Patrick Blackett.
2585
02:18:09,431 --> 02:18:10,998
He may not be wrong.
2586
02:18:11,031 --> 02:18:12,367
Stimson is now telling me
2587
02:18:12,400 --> 02:18:15,637
we bombed an enemy
that was essentially defeated.
2588
02:18:15,670 --> 02:18:19,207
Robert,
you've all the influence now.
2589
02:18:19,240 --> 02:18:20,941
Please.
2590
02:18:20,974 --> 02:18:23,078
Urge them to continue
my research on the Super.
2591
02:18:23,111 --> 02:18:24,479
I neither can nor will, Edward.
2592
02:18:24,512 --> 02:18:26,614
Why not?
2593
02:18:26,648 --> 02:18:28,350
It's not the right use
of our resources.
2594
02:18:28,383 --> 02:18:30,485
Is that what you really believe?
2595
02:18:30,518 --> 02:18:32,886
J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2596
02:18:32,920 --> 02:18:35,323
Sphinx-like guru of the atom.
2597
02:18:36,624 --> 02:18:38,393
Nobody knows what you believe.
2598
02:18:39,494 --> 02:18:41,363
Do you? Hmm?
2599
02:18:41,396 --> 02:18:44,099
One final time,
our program director,
2600
02:18:44,132 --> 02:18:46,101
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
2601
02:18:47,302 --> 02:18:49,070
I hope that in years to come
2602
02:18:49,104 --> 02:18:53,108
you will look back
on your work here with pride.
2603
02:18:53,141 --> 02:18:55,510
But today, that pride
must be tempered
2604
02:18:55,543 --> 02:18:57,878
with a profound concern.
2605
02:18:59,147 --> 02:19:00,948
If atomic weapons
are to be added
2606
02:19:00,981 --> 02:19:03,385
to the arsenals
of a warring world,
2607
02:19:03,418 --> 02:19:06,987
then the day will come
when people will curse
2608
02:19:07,020 --> 02:19:08,423
the name of Los Alamos.
2609
02:19:12,428 --> 02:19:14,530
Uh, sorry, Admiral.
2610
02:19:14,563 --> 02:19:16,565
Stopped off to get this.
2611
02:19:16,599 --> 02:19:19,402
It seems pretty favorable.
2612
02:19:19,435 --> 02:19:20,536
There's Oppenheimer.
2613
02:19:20,569 --> 02:19:22,138
What's the caption?
2614
02:19:22,171 --> 02:19:25,006
Uh, "J. Robert Oppenheimer,
Strauss fought..."
2615
02:19:26,575 --> 02:19:28,144
"...and the US won."
2616
02:19:28,977 --> 02:19:30,246
That'll work.
2617
02:19:30,279 --> 02:19:32,515
Those were your words
from the other day.
2618
02:19:32,548 --> 02:19:33,948
We needed to pivot.
2619
02:19:33,982 --> 02:19:35,251
But how would you know
2620
02:19:35,284 --> 02:19:37,086
what Time magazine's
gonna write?
2621
02:19:37,119 --> 02:19:39,355
Henry Luce is a friend.
2622
02:19:45,494 --> 02:19:48,997
You sat here and let me
tell you how it's done,
2623
02:19:49,030 --> 02:19:51,700
but you've been
far ahead all along.
2624
02:19:51,734 --> 02:19:54,703
Survival in Washington
2625
02:19:54,737 --> 02:19:57,072
is about knowing
how to get things done.
2626
02:19:57,706 --> 02:19:59,108
Right.
2627
02:20:00,709 --> 02:20:02,445
What was it you said
about Borden?
2628
02:20:02,478 --> 02:20:05,481
"Why get caught
holding the knife yourself?"
2629
02:20:07,316 --> 02:20:10,319
I'm beginning to think Borden
was holding the knife for you.
2630
02:20:12,388 --> 02:20:14,623
It's gonna come down
to how much influence
2631
02:20:14,657 --> 02:20:16,725
Borden's been able
to exert on Teller.
2632
02:20:16,759 --> 02:20:19,195
Did I say something funny?
2633
02:20:19,228 --> 02:20:20,596
Just "Borden, Borden, Borden"
2634
02:20:20,629 --> 02:20:24,400
when we all know
that it's Strauss.
2635
02:20:24,433 --> 02:20:26,402
Lewis brought me
to Princeton, Kitty.
2636
02:20:26,435 --> 02:20:29,138
And then you humiliated him
in front of Congress.
2637
02:20:29,171 --> 02:20:32,006
But more useful than a sandwich.
2638
02:20:35,177 --> 02:20:36,345
-How'd I do?
-I'll call recess,
2639
02:20:36,378 --> 02:20:37,480
ten minutes.
2640
02:20:37,513 --> 02:20:39,748
Maybe a little too well, Robert.
2641
02:20:39,782 --> 02:20:41,015
That was six years ago.
2642
02:20:41,050 --> 02:20:42,751
You know, the truly vindictive,
2643
02:20:42,785 --> 02:20:44,386
patient as saints.
2644
02:20:44,420 --> 02:20:47,223
Strauss has been perfectly
clear that he is neutral.
2645
02:20:47,256 --> 02:20:50,759
Wake up. It is Strauss.
2646
02:20:50,793 --> 02:20:53,729
It's always been Strauss,
and you know it.
2647
02:20:53,762 --> 02:20:55,397
Why won't you fight him?
2648
02:20:56,432 --> 02:20:57,633
Christ's sake.
2649
02:20:58,734 --> 02:21:01,403
It wasn't Nichols or Hoover
2650
02:21:01,437 --> 02:21:03,105
or one of Truman's guys.
It was you.
2651
02:21:03,138 --> 02:21:05,107
You gave the file to Borden.
2652
02:21:05,140 --> 02:21:06,775
You set him on Oppenheimer.
2653
02:21:06,809 --> 02:21:09,245
-You convinced him to...
-Borden...
2654
02:21:09,278 --> 02:21:11,180
didn't take any convincing.
2655
02:21:11,213 --> 02:21:13,315
Take your time,
use the entire file.
2656
02:21:13,349 --> 02:21:16,252
Write up your conclusion,
send them to the FBI.
2657
02:21:16,285 --> 02:21:18,521
The material
is obviously extensive,
2658
02:21:18,554 --> 02:21:21,223
but there's nothing new here.
2659
02:21:21,257 --> 02:21:22,791
Your conclusions will be.
2660
02:21:22,825 --> 02:21:25,127
And they'll have to be answered.
2661
02:21:25,160 --> 02:21:26,629
Hoover passes them to McCarthy?
2662
02:21:26,662 --> 02:21:30,266
Oppenheimer's too slippery
for that self-promoting clown.
2663
02:21:30,299 --> 02:21:33,168
I've talked it over with Hoover,
he'll hold McCarthy at bay
2664
02:21:33,202 --> 02:21:34,804
while you do this with the AEC.
2665
02:21:34,838 --> 02:21:36,673
-A trial.
-No.
2666
02:21:36,706 --> 02:21:40,477
No trial. You can't
give Oppenheimer a platform.
2667
02:21:40,510 --> 02:21:42,279
You can't martyr him.
2668
02:21:42,312 --> 02:21:45,482
We need a systematic destruction
of Oppenheimer's credibility
2669
02:21:45,515 --> 02:21:49,085
so he can never again speak
on matters of national security.
2670
02:21:49,119 --> 02:21:51,187
Then what?
2671
02:21:52,389 --> 02:21:55,759
A shabby little room,
far from the limelight.
2672
02:22:02,198 --> 02:22:03,466
A simple bureaucratic procedure.
2673
02:22:03,500 --> 02:22:06,136
His Q clearance
is up for renewal.
2674
02:22:06,169 --> 02:22:09,139
You send your accusations
to the FBI.
2675
02:22:10,774 --> 02:22:14,377
Hoover sends them to the AEC,
you're forced to act.
2676
02:22:15,211 --> 02:22:16,513
You write up an indictment
2677
02:22:16,546 --> 02:22:18,181
and tell Oppenheimer
2678
02:22:18,214 --> 02:22:20,884
his security clearance
is not being renewed.
2679
02:22:20,917 --> 02:22:22,452
But offer him
the chance to appeal.
2680
02:22:22,485 --> 02:22:24,821
As you can see, Robert,
it's not yet signed.
2681
02:22:24,854 --> 02:22:26,356
May I keep this?
2682
02:22:26,389 --> 02:22:27,324
No.
2683
02:22:27,357 --> 02:22:29,593
If you do decide to appeal,
2684
02:22:29,626 --> 02:22:31,161
they'll have to send you a copy.
2685
02:22:31,194 --> 02:22:34,431
When he appeals--
and trust me, he will--
2686
02:22:34,464 --> 02:22:36,866
I appoint a board.
2687
02:22:36,900 --> 02:22:39,369
They will, of course,
have counsel.
2688
02:22:39,402 --> 02:22:41,338
-Prosecutor?
-In all but name.
2689
02:22:41,371 --> 02:22:43,540
-Who?
-Roger Robb.
2690
02:22:43,573 --> 02:22:44,741
Ouch.
2691
02:22:44,774 --> 02:22:46,242
Robb will have
security clearance
2692
02:22:46,276 --> 02:22:47,811
to examine Oppenheimer's file.
2693
02:22:47,844 --> 02:22:49,279
As will the Gray board.
2694
02:22:49,312 --> 02:22:50,680
Defense counsel will not.
2695
02:22:52,515 --> 02:22:53,917
A closed hearing.
2696
02:22:53,950 --> 02:22:55,185
The so-called
derogatory information
2697
02:22:55,218 --> 02:22:57,387
in your indictment of me.
2698
02:22:57,420 --> 02:22:59,889
No audience. No reporters.
2699
02:22:59,923 --> 02:23:03,393
-No burden of proof.
-No burden of proof?
2700
02:23:04,761 --> 02:23:06,262
We're not convicting.
2701
02:23:06,963 --> 02:23:09,566
We're just denying.
2702
02:23:14,537 --> 02:23:17,307
What is it you said?
2703
02:23:17,340 --> 02:23:20,677
"This is just how
the game is played."
2704
02:23:20,710 --> 02:23:23,680
Well, forgive my naivete.
2705
02:23:23,713 --> 02:23:25,682
Amateurs seek the sun.
2706
02:23:26,650 --> 02:23:27,717
Get eaten.
2707
02:23:28,785 --> 02:23:31,621
Power stays in the shadows.
2708
02:23:31,655 --> 02:23:35,358
But, sir, you're...
you're out of the shadows now.
2709
02:23:35,392 --> 02:23:36,826
Yeah, that's why
this has to work.
2710
02:23:36,860 --> 02:23:38,328
Well...
2711
02:23:39,629 --> 02:23:41,765
Teller's testifying
this morning.
2712
02:23:41,798 --> 02:23:44,200
That'll help. And then...
2713
02:23:44,234 --> 02:23:45,669
Hill is in the afternoon.
2714
02:23:45,702 --> 02:23:48,171
Hill is gonna help us too.
2715
02:23:50,407 --> 02:23:53,576
As you can see,
Robert, it's not yet signed.
2716
02:23:53,610 --> 02:23:54,644
May I keep this?
2717
02:23:54,678 --> 02:23:55,713
No.
2718
02:23:57,815 --> 02:23:59,817
If you do decide to appeal,
2719
02:23:59,850 --> 02:24:02,687
then they'll have
to send you a copy.
2720
02:24:06,257 --> 02:24:08,559
Take my car and driver.
I insist.
2721
02:24:13,297 --> 02:24:15,232
I'll have to consult
my lawyers, Lewis.
2722
02:24:15,266 --> 02:24:17,968
Of course.
But don't take too long.
2723
02:24:18,002 --> 02:24:20,204
I can't keep Nichols at bay.
2724
02:24:26,343 --> 02:24:28,646
I'm sorry
it's come to this, Robert.
2725
02:24:28,679 --> 02:24:29,714
I think it's wrong.
2726
02:24:43,027 --> 02:24:44,462
Nichols wants me to fight
2727
02:24:44,495 --> 02:24:46,497
so he can get it
all on the record.
2728
02:24:46,530 --> 02:24:48,399
Strauss wants me to walk away.
2729
02:24:48,432 --> 02:24:51,268
Strauss knows
that you can't do that,
2730
02:24:51,302 --> 02:24:53,738
you'd be accepting the charges.
2731
02:24:53,771 --> 02:24:55,439
You'll lose your job.
2732
02:24:55,473 --> 02:24:57,742
You will lose your reputation.
We'll lose our house.
2733
02:24:57,775 --> 02:25:00,478
Robert, we have to fight.
2734
02:25:03,047 --> 02:25:05,349
As AEC Counsel,
I can't represent you.
2735
02:25:05,382 --> 02:25:06,917
I'll call Lloyd Garrison.
2736
02:25:06,951 --> 02:25:08,486
Oh, he's good.
2737
02:25:08,519 --> 02:25:12,256
The best,
but I have to warn you...
2738
02:25:12,923 --> 02:25:15,359
...this won't be a fair fight.
2739
02:25:15,392 --> 02:25:17,394
During your interview
2740
02:25:17,428 --> 02:25:19,897
with Boris Pash in 1943,
did you refer to microfilm?
2741
02:25:19,930 --> 02:25:21,432
-No.
-Tab 11,
2742
02:25:21,465 --> 02:25:22,900
page one, paragraph three.
You never said,
2743
02:25:22,933 --> 02:25:26,570
"Man at the consulate expert
in the use of microfilm"?
2744
02:25:26,604 --> 02:25:27,938
-I'm sorry, I'm sorry.
-No.
2745
02:25:27,972 --> 02:25:28,906
I would like to know
what document
2746
02:25:28,939 --> 02:25:30,374
Mr. Robb is quoting from
2747
02:25:30,407 --> 02:25:31,675
and if we might be
furnished with a copy.
2748
02:25:31,709 --> 02:25:33,778
The document is classified,
Mr. Garrison.
2749
02:25:33,811 --> 02:25:35,646
I think we should get back
to first-hand information.
2750
02:25:35,679 --> 02:25:37,047
This is first-hand.
2751
02:25:37,082 --> 02:25:39,350
How so, Roger?
2752
02:25:40,718 --> 02:25:42,553
There was a recording
of the interview.
2753
02:25:46,524 --> 02:25:48,425
You let my client sit here
2754
02:25:48,459 --> 02:25:49,960
and potentially perjure himself,
2755
02:25:49,994 --> 02:25:52,530
and all this time,
you had a recording?
2756
02:25:52,563 --> 02:25:53,931
Nobody told your client
2757
02:25:53,964 --> 02:25:55,366
to misrepresent
his former answers.
2758
02:25:55,399 --> 02:25:57,468
Misrepre...
It-it was 12 years ago.
2759
02:25:57,501 --> 02:25:58,803
Can we hear this recording?
2760
02:25:58,836 --> 02:26:00,404
You don't have the clearance,
Mr. Garrison.
2761
02:26:00,437 --> 02:26:02,073
But you're reading it
into the record.
2762
02:26:02,107 --> 02:26:03,741
Please, please.
2763
02:26:03,774 --> 02:26:07,378
Is this proceeding interested
in entrapment or in truth?
2764
02:26:07,411 --> 02:26:09,847
If it's truth,
where's the disclosure?
2765
02:26:09,880 --> 02:26:11,515
Where's the witness list?
2766
02:26:11,549 --> 02:26:14,085
Mr. Garrison, this isn't
a trial, as you are well aware.
2767
02:26:14,119 --> 02:26:15,986
Evidentiary rules do not apply.
2768
02:26:16,020 --> 02:26:17,889
We are dealing
with national security.
2769
02:26:17,923 --> 02:26:19,424
Yes, sir, with all due respect,
2770
02:26:19,457 --> 02:26:21,827
I fail to see how
national security
2771
02:26:21,860 --> 02:26:23,562
prevents the prosecution
from providing us
2772
02:26:23,595 --> 02:26:25,597
-with a list of witnesses.
-Perhaps we are in need
2773
02:26:25,630 --> 02:26:26,932
-of a brief recess.
-Gentlemen,
2774
02:26:26,965 --> 02:26:28,700
you have my words.
2775
02:26:28,733 --> 02:26:30,869
If you say they're from a
transcript, then I'll accept it.
2776
02:26:30,902 --> 02:26:33,672
I've already explained
I made up a cock-and-bull story.
2777
02:26:33,705 --> 02:26:37,042
But why would anyone
make up such an elaborate story?
2778
02:26:37,076 --> 02:26:39,145
Because I was an idiot.
2779
02:26:39,178 --> 02:26:40,779
Why lie?
2780
02:26:40,812 --> 02:26:43,415
Well, clearly with
the intention of not revealing
2781
02:26:43,448 --> 02:26:45,517
who the intermediary was.
2782
02:26:45,550 --> 02:26:47,586
Your friend, Haakon Chevalier,
the Communist.
2783
02:26:47,619 --> 02:26:49,888
Is he still your friend?
2784
02:26:49,921 --> 02:26:51,356
Yes.
2785
02:26:53,458 --> 02:26:56,394
Dr. Rabi, thank you for coming.
2786
02:26:56,428 --> 02:26:58,130
Do you know who else
the prosecution has called?
2787
02:26:58,164 --> 02:27:00,498
Teller, obviously.
2788
02:27:01,466 --> 02:27:02,734
They've asked Lawrence.
2789
02:27:02,767 --> 02:27:03,602
What did he say?
2790
02:27:03,635 --> 02:27:06,538
He wasn't going
to help them, but...
2791
02:27:06,571 --> 02:27:07,505
But?
2792
02:27:07,539 --> 02:27:09,541
Strauss told him that
you and Ruth Tolman
2793
02:27:09,574 --> 02:27:12,010
have been having
an affair for years.
2794
02:27:12,043 --> 02:27:13,145
The whole time you lived
2795
02:27:13,179 --> 02:27:14,813
with them in Pasadena.
2796
02:27:14,846 --> 02:27:16,514
He convinced Lawrence
2797
02:27:16,548 --> 02:27:18,117
that Richard died
of a broken heart.
2798
02:27:18,150 --> 02:27:19,451
That's absurd.
2799
02:27:19,484 --> 02:27:22,020
-What part?
-The broken heart.
2800
02:27:22,054 --> 02:27:24,090
Richard never found out.
2801
02:27:24,123 --> 02:27:25,891
Is Lawrence gonna testify?
2802
02:27:25,924 --> 02:27:27,425
I don't know.
2803
02:27:27,959 --> 02:27:29,594
Dr. Rabi,
2804
02:27:29,628 --> 02:27:32,697
what governmental positions
do you currently hold?
2805
02:27:32,731 --> 02:27:35,634
I am the chairman of the
General Advisory Committee
2806
02:27:35,667 --> 02:27:38,570
to the AEC,
succeeding Dr. Oppenheimer.
2807
02:27:38,603 --> 02:27:41,439
And how long have
you known Dr. Oppenheimer?
2808
02:27:41,473 --> 02:27:43,075
Since 1928.
2809
02:27:43,109 --> 02:27:45,177
I... I know him quite well.
2810
02:27:45,211 --> 02:27:47,179
Well enough
to speak to the bearing
2811
02:27:47,213 --> 02:27:49,781
of his loyalty and character?
2812
02:27:49,814 --> 02:27:53,818
Dr. Oppenheimer is a man
of upstanding character.
2813
02:27:53,852 --> 02:27:56,521
And he is loyal
to the United States,
2814
02:27:56,554 --> 02:27:57,789
to his friends,
2815
02:27:57,822 --> 02:28:00,492
to the institutions
of which he is part.
2816
02:28:01,960 --> 02:28:02,994
Eat.
2817
02:28:21,980 --> 02:28:23,682
What was that?
2818
02:28:23,715 --> 02:28:25,750
Nothing to worry about.
2819
02:28:27,986 --> 02:28:29,721
After the Russian A-bomb test,
2820
02:28:29,754 --> 02:28:32,224
did Dr. Lawrence come to see you
about the hydrogen bomb?
2821
02:28:32,258 --> 02:28:34,060
You'd be better off asking him.
2822
02:28:34,093 --> 02:28:35,627
Well, I fully intend to.
2823
02:28:35,660 --> 02:28:38,231
Would you say
that Dr. Oppenheimer was
2824
02:28:38,265 --> 02:28:40,267
unalterably opposed
to the H-bomb?
2825
02:28:40,300 --> 02:28:43,103
No, he-he thought that
a fusion program
2826
02:28:43,136 --> 02:28:46,239
would come at the expense of our
awfully good fission program.
2827
02:28:46,273 --> 02:28:48,108
But that proved
not to be the case.
2828
02:28:48,141 --> 02:28:50,776
In the event both could be done.
2829
02:28:50,810 --> 02:28:53,113
Suppose that this board
did not feel satisfied
2830
02:28:53,146 --> 02:28:54,281
that in his testimony here,
2831
02:28:54,314 --> 02:28:56,582
Dr. Oppenheimer had been
wholly truthful.
2832
02:28:56,615 --> 02:28:59,819
What would you say whether
or not he should be cleared?
2833
02:28:59,852 --> 02:29:01,754
Why go through
all this against a man
2834
02:29:01,787 --> 02:29:03,990
who has accomplished
what Dr. Oppenheimer has?
2835
02:29:04,023 --> 02:29:05,658
Look at his record.
2836
02:29:05,691 --> 02:29:07,760
We have an A-bomb
and a whole series of it.
2837
02:29:07,793 --> 02:29:09,729
We have a whole series
of Super bombs.
2838
02:29:09,762 --> 02:29:11,731
What more do you want?
2839
02:29:11,764 --> 02:29:12,631
Mermaids?
2840
02:29:12,665 --> 02:29:14,967
But I've known Secretary Strauss
2841
02:29:15,001 --> 02:29:16,602
for many years,
2842
02:29:16,635 --> 02:29:19,905
and I feel it a necessity
to express the warm support
2843
02:29:19,939 --> 02:29:22,608
for science and scientists
Lewis has shown.
2844
02:29:22,641 --> 02:29:23,876
We'll break now,
2845
02:29:23,909 --> 02:29:25,711
unless there's
any immediate business.
2846
02:29:25,745 --> 02:29:28,281
Senator, I'd like
to once again request
2847
02:29:28,315 --> 02:29:30,983
that we're furnished
with a list of witnesses.
2848
02:29:31,017 --> 02:29:33,786
And I will remind the nominee
that we don't always
2849
02:29:33,819 --> 02:29:35,821
have that information
in advance.
2850
02:29:35,855 --> 02:29:39,292
We do know that Dr. Hill
will be here after lunch.
2851
02:29:39,326 --> 02:29:40,960
Mr. Chairman,
our next scheduled witness,
2852
02:29:40,993 --> 02:29:45,531
Dr. Lawrence, has apparently
come down with colitis.
2853
02:29:46,999 --> 02:29:49,902
So we'll proceed with
William Borden instead.
2854
02:29:51,171 --> 02:29:52,571
Mr. Borden, welcome.
2855
02:29:52,605 --> 02:29:54,074
Please take a seat.
2856
02:29:55,242 --> 02:29:57,643
Mr. Borden,
2857
02:29:57,676 --> 02:30:00,247
during your investigation
into Dr. Oppenheimer,
2858
02:30:00,280 --> 02:30:01,914
did you reach
certain conclusions?
2859
02:30:01,947 --> 02:30:04,251
-I did.
-And did there come a time
2860
02:30:04,284 --> 02:30:05,751
when you expressed
those conclusions
2861
02:30:05,785 --> 02:30:07,787
in a letter
to Mr. J. Edgar Hoover
2862
02:30:07,820 --> 02:30:09,755
of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation?
2863
02:30:09,789 --> 02:30:11,191
-That is correct.
-Prior to the writing
2864
02:30:11,224 --> 02:30:12,992
of the letter, did you discuss
the writing of the letter
2865
02:30:13,025 --> 02:30:15,328
with anybody attached to
the Atomic Energy Commission?
2866
02:30:15,362 --> 02:30:16,962
I did not.
2867
02:30:16,996 --> 02:30:18,331
Thanks, and do you have
a copy of the letter?
2868
02:30:18,365 --> 02:30:19,965
I have one in front of me.
2869
02:30:19,999 --> 02:30:22,102
Would you please be so kind
as to read it, sir?
2870
02:30:22,135 --> 02:30:23,669
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2871
02:30:23,702 --> 02:30:25,138
the purpose of this letter
is to state..."
2872
02:30:25,172 --> 02:30:27,207
Uh, I'm sorry,
I'm sorry, if I could have a...
2873
02:30:27,240 --> 02:30:29,608
What is the purpose
of the delay?
2874
02:30:29,642 --> 02:30:31,111
He's simply gonna
read the letter.
2875
02:30:31,144 --> 02:30:32,678
Mr. Chairman,
2876
02:30:32,711 --> 02:30:34,713
this is the first
I've seen of this letter,
2877
02:30:34,747 --> 02:30:36,015
and I see statements here, uh,
2878
02:30:36,048 --> 02:30:38,017
at least one,
of a kind that I don't think
2879
02:30:38,050 --> 02:30:40,019
anyone would like to see
go into the record.
2880
02:30:40,052 --> 02:30:42,822
These are accusations that have
not previously been made.
2881
02:30:42,855 --> 02:30:44,790
That are not part of
the indictment from Nichols.
2882
02:30:44,824 --> 02:30:46,959
Accusations of a kind that
I don't think belong here.
2883
02:30:46,992 --> 02:30:49,162
The witness wrote this letter
on his own initiative,
2884
02:30:49,196 --> 02:30:51,764
laying out evidence that has
already been before the board.
2885
02:30:51,797 --> 02:30:53,400
His conclusions
are valid testimony,
2886
02:30:53,433 --> 02:30:55,335
just like the...
the positive conclusions
2887
02:30:55,368 --> 02:30:56,702
of friends of Dr. Oppenheimer.
2888
02:30:56,735 --> 02:30:58,238
It cuts both ways.
2889
02:30:58,271 --> 02:31:00,707
How long has Counsel been
in possession of this letter?
2890
02:31:00,740 --> 02:31:02,110
I don't think
I should be subject
2891
02:31:02,143 --> 02:31:04,711
to cross-examination by you,
Mr. Garrison.
2892
02:31:04,744 --> 02:31:06,380
Mr. Garrison,
given that we on the board
2893
02:31:06,414 --> 02:31:07,914
have all read the letter,
2894
02:31:07,948 --> 02:31:10,284
wouldn't it be better
to have it in the record?
2895
02:31:10,318 --> 02:31:11,785
Let's proceed.
2896
02:31:13,787 --> 02:31:15,256
"Dear Mr. Hoover,
2897
02:31:15,289 --> 02:31:18,725
"the purpose of this letter
is to state my opinion
2898
02:31:18,758 --> 02:31:20,061
"based upon years of study
2899
02:31:20,094 --> 02:31:22,863
"of the available
classified evidence,
2900
02:31:22,896 --> 02:31:24,931
"that more probably than not,
2901
02:31:24,965 --> 02:31:29,836
"J. Robert Oppenheimer is
an agent of the Soviet Union.
2902
02:31:29,870 --> 02:31:32,206
"The following conclusions
are justified.
2903
02:31:32,240 --> 02:31:37,078
"One, between 1929 and 1942,
more probably than not,
2904
02:31:37,111 --> 02:31:38,412
"J. Robert Oppenheimer
2905
02:31:38,446 --> 02:31:40,747
"was a sufficiently
hardened Communist,
2906
02:31:40,780 --> 02:31:42,883
"that he volunteered
information to the Soviets.
2907
02:31:42,916 --> 02:31:45,253
"Two, more probably than not,
2908
02:31:45,286 --> 02:31:49,856
"he has since been functioning
as an espionage agent.
2909
02:31:49,890 --> 02:31:52,726
"Three, more probably than not,
2910
02:31:52,759 --> 02:31:54,995
"he has since acted
under a Soviet directive
2911
02:31:55,028 --> 02:31:57,764
in influencing United States
military policy..."
2912
02:31:57,797 --> 02:31:59,032
I'm sorry, Robert.
2913
02:31:59,066 --> 02:32:00,401
"...atomic energy, intelligence
2914
02:32:00,434 --> 02:32:01,801
-and diplomatic policy."
-Is anyone
2915
02:32:01,835 --> 02:32:03,471
ever going to tell the truth
2916
02:32:03,504 --> 02:32:05,273
about what's happening here?
2917
02:32:05,306 --> 02:32:08,842
We will now
hear from Dr. David Hill.
2918
02:32:18,085 --> 02:32:19,420
Dr. Hill,
2919
02:32:19,453 --> 02:32:22,089
would you care
to make a statement?
2920
02:32:23,224 --> 02:32:24,791
Thank you.
2921
02:32:24,824 --> 02:32:28,496
I've been asked to testify
about Lewis Strauss.
2922
02:32:28,529 --> 02:32:30,931
A man who has
given years of service
2923
02:32:30,964 --> 02:32:33,934
in high positions of government
2924
02:32:33,967 --> 02:32:38,905
and who is known to be earnest,
hardworking and intelligent.
2925
02:32:39,906 --> 02:32:41,409
The views I have to express
are my own,
2926
02:32:41,442 --> 02:32:45,146
but I believe that much I have
to say will help to indicate
2927
02:32:45,179 --> 02:32:48,882
why most of the scientists
in this country
2928
02:32:48,915 --> 02:32:51,918
would prefer to see Mr. Strauss
2929
02:32:51,952 --> 02:32:53,787
completely out of government.
2930
02:32:55,822 --> 02:32:58,326
You're... You're referring
to the hostility
2931
02:32:58,359 --> 02:32:59,826
of certain scientists
2932
02:32:59,859 --> 02:33:01,495
directed toward Mr. Strauss
2933
02:33:01,529 --> 02:33:03,763
because of his commitment
to security
2934
02:33:03,797 --> 02:33:06,800
as demonstrated
in the Oppenheimer affair?
2935
02:33:09,270 --> 02:33:10,538
No.
2936
02:33:10,571 --> 02:33:12,973
Because of the personal
vindictiveness
2937
02:33:13,006 --> 02:33:15,243
he demonstrated against
Dr. Oppenheimer.
2938
02:33:16,910 --> 02:33:19,045
Order.
2939
02:33:19,080 --> 02:33:20,114
Order!
2940
02:33:20,147 --> 02:33:25,420
It appears to most
scientists around this country
2941
02:33:25,454 --> 02:33:26,988
that Robert Oppenheimer
is now being
2942
02:33:27,021 --> 02:33:29,258
pilloried and put through
an ordeal
2943
02:33:29,291 --> 02:33:32,394
because he expressed
his honest opinions.
2944
02:33:33,395 --> 02:33:35,464
Dr. Bush, I thought
I was performing a service
2945
02:33:35,497 --> 02:33:37,232
to my country
when hearing this case.
2946
02:33:37,266 --> 02:33:41,403
No board in this country
should sit in judgment of a man
2947
02:33:41,436 --> 02:33:44,072
because he expressed
strong opinions.
2948
02:33:44,106 --> 02:33:47,175
If you want to try that case,
you should try me.
2949
02:33:47,209 --> 02:33:51,213
Excuse me, gentlemen,
if I become stirred,
2950
02:33:51,246 --> 02:33:52,447
but I am.
2951
02:33:52,481 --> 02:33:54,449
Dr. Hill, we've already heard
2952
02:33:54,483 --> 02:33:56,917
that Mr. Strauss
did not bring the charges
2953
02:33:56,951 --> 02:34:00,021
or participate in the hearings
against Dr. Oppenheimer.
2954
02:34:00,054 --> 02:34:02,557
The Oppenheimer matter was
2955
02:34:02,591 --> 02:34:04,959
initiated and carried through
2956
02:34:04,992 --> 02:34:07,362
largely through the animus
of Lewis Strauss.
2957
02:34:08,963 --> 02:34:11,600
Oppenheimer made mincemeat
out of Strauss's position
2958
02:34:11,633 --> 02:34:13,235
on the shipment
of isotopes to Norway,
2959
02:34:13,268 --> 02:34:17,272
and Strauss never forgave him
this public humiliation.
2960
02:34:17,306 --> 02:34:19,907
Another controversy between them
centered around
2961
02:34:19,940 --> 02:34:22,910
their differences in judgment
on how the H-bomb
2962
02:34:22,943 --> 02:34:25,012
would contribute
to national security.
2963
02:34:25,046 --> 02:34:27,014
Strauss turned to
the personnel security system
2964
02:34:27,048 --> 02:34:31,286
in order to destroy
Oppenheimer's effectiveness,
2965
02:34:31,320 --> 02:34:33,854
and Strauss was able to find
a few ambitious men
2966
02:34:33,888 --> 02:34:36,924
who also disagreed
with Oppenheimer's positions
2967
02:34:36,957 --> 02:34:39,994
and envied him his prestige
in government circles.
2968
02:34:40,027 --> 02:34:42,631
I've always assumed,
and still assume,
2969
02:34:42,664 --> 02:34:44,899
that he's loyal
to the United States.
2970
02:34:44,932 --> 02:34:46,335
I believe this.
And I shall believe it
2971
02:34:46,368 --> 02:34:48,936
until I see very conclusive
proof to the opposite.
2972
02:34:48,969 --> 02:34:50,938
Do you or do you not believe
2973
02:34:50,971 --> 02:34:53,275
that Dr. Oppenheimer
is a security risk?
2974
02:34:57,011 --> 02:34:58,280
In a great number of cases,
2975
02:34:58,313 --> 02:35:00,282
I have seen Dr. Oppenheimer
act in a way
2976
02:35:00,315 --> 02:35:04,186
which was to me
exceedingly hard to understand.
2977
02:35:04,219 --> 02:35:06,221
I thoroughly disagreed
with him in numerous issues,
2978
02:35:06,254 --> 02:35:08,357
and his actions frankly
appeared to me
2979
02:35:08,390 --> 02:35:09,924
confused and complicated.
2980
02:35:09,957 --> 02:35:11,493
To this extent, I feel,
2981
02:35:11,526 --> 02:35:14,629
I want to see the vital
interest of this country
2982
02:35:14,663 --> 02:35:16,498
in hands which
I understand better
2983
02:35:16,531 --> 02:35:18,667
and therefore trust more.
2984
02:35:18,700 --> 02:35:21,470
-Thank you, Doctor.
-Thank you.
2985
02:35:25,273 --> 02:35:26,375
I'm sorry.
2986
02:35:29,009 --> 02:35:31,179
You shook his fucking hand?
2987
02:35:31,213 --> 02:35:34,116
Oh, I would have
spit in his face.
2988
02:35:34,149 --> 02:35:35,684
Not sure the board
would have appreciated that.
2989
02:35:35,717 --> 02:35:37,285
Is it not
gentlemanly enough for you?
2990
02:35:37,319 --> 02:35:40,655
Well, I-I think you're all being
too goddamn gentlemanly.
2991
02:35:40,689 --> 02:35:42,658
Gray must see
what Robb is doing.
2992
02:35:42,692 --> 02:35:44,627
Why doesn't he just
shut him down?
2993
02:35:44,660 --> 02:35:47,263
And you shaking Teller's hand.
2994
02:35:47,296 --> 02:35:50,166
You need to stop
playing the martyr.
2995
02:35:51,167 --> 02:35:53,569
Under the current
AEC guidelines,
2996
02:35:53,603 --> 02:35:56,004
would you clear
Dr. Oppenheimer today?
2997
02:36:02,178 --> 02:36:04,547
Under my interpretation
2998
02:36:04,580 --> 02:36:06,716
of the Atomic Energy Act,
2999
02:36:06,749 --> 02:36:08,584
which did not exist
3000
02:36:08,618 --> 02:36:11,454
when I hired
Dr. Oppenheimer in 1942...
3001
02:36:12,688 --> 02:36:16,092
I would not clear him today,
3002
02:36:16,125 --> 02:36:18,094
uh, if I were on the commission.
3003
02:36:18,127 --> 02:36:19,695
Good. Thank you, General.
That is all.
3004
02:36:19,729 --> 02:36:21,731
But I don't think I'd clear
any of those guys.
3005
02:36:21,764 --> 02:36:23,932
That's all.
3006
02:36:26,436 --> 02:36:28,571
Dr. Oppenheimer
had no responsibility
3007
02:36:28,604 --> 02:36:30,106
in the selection
or the clearance
3008
02:36:30,139 --> 02:36:31,441
of Klaus Fuchs, did he?
3009
02:36:31,474 --> 02:36:32,742
No. None at all.
3010
02:36:32,775 --> 02:36:34,377
And you wouldn't want
to leave this board
3011
02:36:34,410 --> 02:36:37,180
with any suggestion today
that you're here questioning
3012
02:36:37,213 --> 02:36:39,248
his basic loyalty
to the United States
3013
02:36:39,282 --> 02:36:40,683
in the operation of Los Alamos?
3014
02:36:40,716 --> 02:36:42,285
By no means.
3015
02:36:42,318 --> 02:36:44,320
I hope I didn't lead anyone
to believe otherwise
3016
02:36:44,353 --> 02:36:45,987
for an instant.
3017
02:36:46,021 --> 02:36:47,123
Thank you, General.
3018
02:37:05,174 --> 02:37:07,443
Okay. We shouldn't
keep them waiting.
3019
02:37:07,477 --> 02:37:08,744
She'll be here.
3020
02:37:08,778 --> 02:37:10,213
Do you even want her here?
3021
02:37:10,246 --> 02:37:12,748
Only a fool or an adolescent
3022
02:37:12,782 --> 02:37:14,684
presumes to know
someone else's relationship,
3023
02:37:14,717 --> 02:37:17,018
and you're neither, Lloyd.
3024
02:37:18,588 --> 02:37:20,556
Kitty and I,
3025
02:37:20,590 --> 02:37:22,658
we're grown-ups.
3026
02:37:22,692 --> 02:37:25,528
We've walked
through fire together.
3027
02:37:25,561 --> 02:37:28,130
She'll do fine.
3028
02:37:28,164 --> 02:37:30,233
Would you describe
your views on Communism
3029
02:37:30,266 --> 02:37:32,301
as pro, anti, neutral?
3030
02:37:32,335 --> 02:37:34,203
Very strongly against.
3031
02:37:34,237 --> 02:37:36,372
I-I've had nothing to do
with Communism in... since...
3032
02:37:36,405 --> 02:37:39,242
since 1936, since...
3033
02:37:39,275 --> 02:37:42,144
since before I met Robert.
3034
02:37:42,745 --> 02:37:44,580
That's all.
3035
02:37:44,614 --> 02:37:46,182
The record demonstrates
3036
02:37:46,215 --> 02:37:47,817
that Oppenheimer
was not interrogated
3037
02:37:47,850 --> 02:37:51,087
by impartial and disinterested
counsel for the Gray board.
3038
02:37:51,120 --> 02:37:52,522
He was interrogated
by a prosecutor
3039
02:37:52,555 --> 02:37:54,223
who used all the tricks
3040
02:37:54,257 --> 02:37:56,058
of a rather ingenious
legal background.
3041
02:37:56,092 --> 02:37:57,527
You are charging now
3042
02:37:57,560 --> 02:38:00,530
that the Gray board
permitted a prosecution.
3043
02:38:00,563 --> 02:38:03,266
If I were on the Gray board,
3044
02:38:03,299 --> 02:38:05,269
I would have protested
against the tactics
3045
02:38:05,302 --> 02:38:08,205
of the man who served, in fact,
as the prosecuting counsel.
3046
02:38:08,238 --> 02:38:11,441
A man appointed not by the board
3047
02:38:11,475 --> 02:38:13,544
but by Lewis Strauss.
3048
02:38:15,546 --> 02:38:16,580
Who was this?
3049
02:38:17,881 --> 02:38:19,716
I'm sorry?
3050
02:38:19,750 --> 02:38:20,817
Who was this?
3051
02:38:20,851 --> 02:38:22,286
Uh, Roger Robb.
3052
02:38:22,319 --> 02:38:24,655
Mrs. Oppenheimer.
3053
02:38:28,859 --> 02:38:31,295
Did you have a Communist Party
membership card?
3054
02:38:32,729 --> 02:38:34,831
I'm... I'm not sure.
3055
02:38:34,865 --> 02:38:36,366
Not sure?
3056
02:38:39,336 --> 02:38:40,337
Well...
3057
02:38:42,739 --> 02:38:44,474
Well?
3058
02:38:53,417 --> 02:38:56,386
I mean, presumably,
the act of joining the Party
3059
02:38:56,420 --> 02:39:00,190
required sending some money
and receiving a card, no?
3060
02:39:03,360 --> 02:39:04,494
Yeah.
3061
02:39:09,866 --> 02:39:11,268
Sorry.
3062
02:39:11,902 --> 02:39:13,503
Yes. Mm.
3063
02:39:15,339 --> 02:39:17,341
It's just it was all
so very long ago,
3064
02:39:17,374 --> 02:39:19,209
-Mr. Robb, wasn't it?
-Not really.
3065
02:39:19,242 --> 02:39:20,477
Long enough to have forgotten.
3066
02:39:20,510 --> 02:39:21,878
Did you return the card
or rip it up?
3067
02:39:21,912 --> 02:39:23,513
The card whose existence
I've forgotten?
3068
02:39:23,547 --> 02:39:25,349
Your Communist Party
membership card.
3069
02:39:25,382 --> 02:39:27,117
Haven't the slightest idea.
3070
02:39:29,419 --> 02:39:32,189
Can a distinction
be made between
3071
02:39:32,222 --> 02:39:33,890
Soviet Communism and Communism?
3072
02:39:33,924 --> 02:39:35,492
Well, in the days
when I was a member,
3073
02:39:35,525 --> 02:39:37,160
I thought they were
definitely two things.
3074
02:39:37,194 --> 02:39:38,462
-Oh?
-I thought that
3075
02:39:38,495 --> 02:39:40,364
the Communist Party
of the United States
3076
02:39:40,397 --> 02:39:42,799
was concerned with
our domestic problems.
3077
02:39:42,833 --> 02:39:44,301
I now no longer believe this.
3078
02:39:44,334 --> 02:39:45,369
Believe the whole thing's
linked together
3079
02:39:45,402 --> 02:39:46,670
and spread all over the world,
3080
02:39:46,703 --> 02:39:48,905
and I have believed this
since I left the Party
3081
02:39:48,939 --> 02:39:50,407
16 years ago.
3082
02:39:50,440 --> 02:39:51,742
-But...
-Seventeen years ago.
3083
02:39:51,775 --> 02:39:53,176
My mistake.
3084
02:39:53,210 --> 02:39:55,846
-But you said...
-Sorry, 18.
3085
02:39:55,879 --> 02:39:58,148
Eighteen years ago.
3086
02:39:58,949 --> 02:40:00,250
Are you familiar with the fact
3087
02:40:00,283 --> 02:40:01,451
your husband was
making contributions
3088
02:40:01,485 --> 02:40:04,554
to the Spanish Civil War
as late as 1942?
3089
02:40:04,588 --> 02:40:06,456
I knew that Robert gave money
from time to time.
3090
02:40:06,490 --> 02:40:07,724
Did you know
this money was going
3091
02:40:07,758 --> 02:40:09,192
into Communist Party channels?
3092
02:40:09,226 --> 02:40:10,661
Don't you mean "through"?
3093
02:40:10,694 --> 02:40:12,462
-Pardon?
-I think you mean
3094
02:40:12,496 --> 02:40:14,297
"through Communist Party
channels," don't you?
3095
02:40:14,331 --> 02:40:15,565
-Y-Yes!
-Yes?
3096
02:40:15,599 --> 02:40:17,501
-Yes!
-Yes.
3097
02:40:17,534 --> 02:40:21,238
Then would it be fair to say
that this meant that by 1942,
3098
02:40:21,271 --> 02:40:22,572
your husband had not stopped
3099
02:40:22,606 --> 02:40:24,541
having anything to do
with the Communist Party?
3100
02:40:24,574 --> 02:40:26,377
You don't have
to answer that yes or no.
3101
02:40:26,411 --> 02:40:27,779
You can answer that
any way you wish.
3102
02:40:27,812 --> 02:40:29,681
I know that, thank you.
3103
02:40:29,714 --> 02:40:31,416
It's your question.
3104
02:40:31,449 --> 02:40:33,351
-It's not properly phrased.
-Do you understand
3105
02:40:33,384 --> 02:40:34,619
-what I'm getting at?
-I do.
3106
02:40:34,652 --> 02:40:35,920
Then why don't you
answer it that way?
3107
02:40:35,953 --> 02:40:37,555
'Cause I don't like your phrase.
3108
02:40:37,588 --> 02:40:39,524
"Having anything to do
with the Communist Party."
3109
02:40:39,557 --> 02:40:41,359
Because Robert never
had anything to do
3110
02:40:41,392 --> 02:40:42,694
with the Communist Party
as such.
3111
02:40:42,727 --> 02:40:45,363
I know he gave money
to Spanish refugees.
3112
02:40:45,396 --> 02:40:47,331
I know he took
an intellectual interest
3113
02:40:47,365 --> 02:40:48,566
in Communist ideas...
3114
02:40:48,599 --> 02:40:49,701
Are there two types
of Communists?
3115
02:40:49,734 --> 02:40:51,436
Intellectual Communists
3116
02:40:51,469 --> 02:40:53,404
and your plain old
regular Commie?
3117
02:40:54,405 --> 02:40:55,973
Well, I couldn't
answer that one.
3118
02:40:56,007 --> 02:40:58,776
I couldn't either.
3119
02:41:04,916 --> 02:41:06,718
Evening.
3120
02:41:06,751 --> 02:41:08,486
Robert,
you can't win this thing.
3121
02:41:08,519 --> 02:41:10,455
It's a kangaroo court
with a predetermined outcome.
3122
02:41:10,488 --> 02:41:12,423
Why put yourself
through more of it?
3123
02:41:13,024 --> 02:41:15,460
I have my reasons.
3124
02:41:16,061 --> 02:41:17,495
All right.
3125
02:41:17,528 --> 02:41:18,663
Good night.
3126
02:41:23,367 --> 02:41:24,769
He has a point.
3127
02:41:25,703 --> 02:41:27,739
I'm not sure
you understand, Albert.
3128
02:41:27,772 --> 02:41:28,873
No?
3129
02:41:28,906 --> 02:41:32,410
I left my country
never to return.
3130
02:41:33,044 --> 02:41:35,012
You served your country well.
3131
02:41:35,046 --> 02:41:38,683
If this is the reward
she offers you, then...
3132
02:41:38,716 --> 02:41:42,353
perhaps you should
turn your back on her.
3133
02:41:42,386 --> 02:41:45,022
Damn it, I happen
to love this country.
3134
02:41:45,056 --> 02:41:47,658
Then tell them to go to hell.
3135
02:41:47,692 --> 02:41:48,593
Interestingly enough,
3136
02:41:48,626 --> 02:41:51,696
this is no longer
a confirmation hearing,
3137
02:41:51,729 --> 02:41:53,898
it's now a trial...
3138
02:41:53,931 --> 02:41:55,666
about a trial!
3139
02:41:56,667 --> 02:41:57,969
It's not good
he's telling everyone
3140
02:41:58,002 --> 02:41:59,303
you initiated the hearings.
3141
02:41:59,337 --> 02:42:01,706
He can't prove a goddamn thing.
3142
02:42:01,739 --> 02:42:04,408
He certainly can't prove
that I gave the file to Borden.
3143
02:42:04,442 --> 02:42:06,778
We're not in court, sir.
3144
02:42:06,811 --> 02:42:08,012
There's no burden of proof.
3145
02:42:08,045 --> 02:42:10,414
Right. They're not convicting...
3146
02:42:10,448 --> 02:42:11,716
just denying.
3147
02:42:11,749 --> 02:42:14,652
Why would Hill come here
to tear me down?
3148
02:42:14,685 --> 02:42:16,320
What's his angle?
3149
02:42:16,354 --> 02:42:18,456
Do people need a reason
to do the right thing?
3150
02:42:18,489 --> 02:42:20,092
-As he sees it.
-I told you,
3151
02:42:20,125 --> 02:42:22,794
Oppenheimer poisoned
the scientists against me,
3152
02:42:22,827 --> 02:42:24,529
right from that first meeting.
3153
02:42:24,562 --> 02:42:27,799
I don't know what Oppenheimer
said to him that day,
3154
02:42:27,832 --> 02:42:30,568
but Einstein wouldn't
even meet my eye.
3155
02:42:31,669 --> 02:42:34,772
Oppenheimer knows
how to manipulate his own.
3156
02:42:34,806 --> 02:42:36,074
And at Los Alamos,
3157
02:42:36,108 --> 02:42:38,442
he preyed
on the naivete of scientists
3158
02:42:38,476 --> 02:42:40,778
who thought they'd get a say
in how we used their work,
3159
02:42:40,812 --> 02:42:43,815
but don't ever think
he was that naive himself.
3160
02:42:43,848 --> 02:42:45,117
Doctor.
3161
02:42:45,150 --> 02:42:47,120
During your work
on the hydrogen bomb,
3162
02:42:47,153 --> 02:42:50,823
were you deterred
by any moral qualms?
3163
02:42:50,856 --> 02:42:52,491
Yes, of course.
3164
02:42:52,524 --> 02:42:53,826
But you still got on
with your work, didn't you?
3165
02:42:53,859 --> 02:42:56,095
Yes, because this was
work of exploration,
3166
02:42:56,129 --> 02:42:58,363
it was not the preparation
of a weapon.
3167
02:42:58,397 --> 02:43:00,465
You mean it was more of a...
an academic excursion.
3168
02:43:00,499 --> 02:43:02,401
No, it is not an academic thing
3169
02:43:02,434 --> 02:43:03,836
whether you can build
a hydrogen bomb.
3170
02:43:03,869 --> 02:43:05,470
It's a matter of life and death.
3171
02:43:05,504 --> 02:43:06,872
By 1942, you were
actively pushing
3172
02:43:06,905 --> 02:43:08,473
the development of
the hydrogen bomb, weren't you?
3173
02:43:08,507 --> 02:43:09,741
Pushing's not the right word.
3174
02:43:09,775 --> 02:43:11,710
Supporting it
and working on it, yes.
3175
02:43:11,743 --> 02:43:14,080
So when did these moral qualms
become so strong
3176
02:43:14,113 --> 02:43:15,747
that you actively opposed
3177
02:43:15,781 --> 02:43:17,449
the development
of the hydrogen bomb?
3178
02:43:17,482 --> 02:43:19,451
When it was suggested
that it be the policy
3179
02:43:19,484 --> 02:43:21,653
of the United States to make
these things at all cost
3180
02:43:21,687 --> 02:43:23,689
without regard to the balance
between these weapons
3181
02:43:23,722 --> 02:43:26,792
and atomic weapons
as part of our arsenal.
3182
02:43:28,161 --> 02:43:30,096
What do moral qualms
have to do with that?
3183
02:43:30,129 --> 02:43:32,165
Wha... What do moral qualms
3184
02:43:32,198 --> 02:43:33,732
-have to do with it?
-Yes.
3185
02:43:33,765 --> 02:43:35,834
Oppenheimer wanted
to own the atomic bomb.
3186
02:43:35,868 --> 02:43:37,769
He wanted to be the man
who moved the Earth.
3187
02:43:37,803 --> 02:43:40,973
He talks about
putting the nuclear genie
3188
02:43:41,006 --> 02:43:42,474
back in the bottle.
3189
02:43:42,507 --> 02:43:43,642
Well, I'm here to tell you
3190
02:43:43,675 --> 02:43:45,878
that I know
J. Robert Oppenheimer,
3191
02:43:45,911 --> 02:43:50,015
and if he could do it all over,
he'd do it all the same.
3192
02:43:50,048 --> 02:43:53,086
You know he's never once said
that he regrets Hiroshima?
3193
02:43:53,119 --> 02:43:55,988
He'd do it all over. Why?
3194
02:43:56,021 --> 02:43:57,456
Because it made him
3195
02:43:57,489 --> 02:43:59,125
the most important man
who ever lived.
3196
02:43:59,158 --> 02:44:01,493
Well, we've...
3197
02:44:01,526 --> 02:44:03,629
we've freely used
the atomic bomb...
3198
02:44:03,662 --> 02:44:05,764
In fact, Doctor,
you assisted in selecting
3199
02:44:05,797 --> 02:44:07,200
the target to drop
the atomic bomb on Japan,
3200
02:44:07,233 --> 02:44:08,901
-didn't you?
-Yes.
3201
02:44:08,934 --> 02:44:10,569
Well, then you knew,
did you not, that by dropping
3202
02:44:10,602 --> 02:44:12,771
that atomic bomb
on the target you selected,
3203
02:44:12,804 --> 02:44:14,207
that thousands of civilians
would be killed
3204
02:44:14,240 --> 02:44:15,974
or injured, is that correct?
3205
02:44:16,008 --> 02:44:17,910
Yes, not as many
as turned out...
3206
02:44:17,943 --> 02:44:20,146
Oh. Well, how many
were killed or injured?
3207
02:44:20,179 --> 02:44:22,047
-70,000.
-70,000
3208
02:44:22,081 --> 02:44:23,149
at both Hiroshima and...
3209
02:44:23,182 --> 02:44:24,616
110,000 at both.
3210
02:44:24,650 --> 02:44:26,051
On the day of each bombing?
3211
02:44:28,020 --> 02:44:29,188
Yes.
3212
02:44:29,222 --> 02:44:30,789
And in the weeks
and years that followed?
3213
02:44:30,822 --> 02:44:33,525
It has been put at somewhere
between 50 and 100,000.
3214
02:44:33,558 --> 02:44:35,661
-220,000 dead at least?
-Yes.
3215
02:44:35,694 --> 02:44:37,596
Any moral scruples about that?
3216
02:44:38,964 --> 02:44:40,066
Terrible ones.
3217
02:44:40,099 --> 02:44:41,667
But yet you testified in here
3218
02:44:41,700 --> 02:44:44,070
that the bombing of Hiroshima
was very successful.
3219
02:44:44,103 --> 02:44:45,671
-Technically successful.
-Oh!
3220
02:44:45,704 --> 02:44:47,472
Technically, it was
very successful.
3221
02:44:47,506 --> 02:44:48,974
And it is also alleged
to have helped end the war.
3222
02:44:49,007 --> 02:44:50,976
Would you have been
in support of the dropping
3223
02:44:51,009 --> 02:44:52,945
of a hydrogen bomb on Hiroshima?
3224
02:44:52,978 --> 02:44:54,513
That would make no sense at all.
3225
02:44:54,546 --> 02:44:56,982
-Why?
-The-the target is too small.
3226
02:44:57,015 --> 02:44:59,518
Well, supposing there had been
a target in Japan
3227
02:44:59,551 --> 02:45:01,019
big enough for
a thermonuclear weapon,
3228
02:45:01,053 --> 02:45:02,821
would you have been opposed
to the dropping of it?
3229
02:45:02,854 --> 02:45:04,690
This was not a problem
with which I was confronted...
3230
02:45:04,723 --> 02:45:06,159
Well, I'm confronting you
with it now, sir.
3231
02:45:06,192 --> 02:45:07,961
It was all part of his plan.
3232
02:45:07,994 --> 02:45:09,562
He wanted the glorious,
3233
02:45:09,595 --> 02:45:11,764
insincere guilt
of the self-important
3234
02:45:11,798 --> 02:45:13,267
to wear like a fuckin' crown.
3235
02:45:13,300 --> 02:45:16,736
Say, "No, we cannot
go down this road,"
3236
02:45:16,769 --> 02:45:19,572
even as he knew we'd have to.
3237
02:45:19,605 --> 02:45:21,141
Would you have been opposed
to the dropping
3238
02:45:21,175 --> 02:45:22,842
of a thermonuclear weapon
on Japan
3239
02:45:22,875 --> 02:45:25,112
-because of moral scruples?
-Yes, I believe I would, sir.
3240
02:45:25,145 --> 02:45:26,846
Well, did you oppose
the dropping
3241
02:45:26,879 --> 02:45:28,881
of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima
because of moral scruples?
3242
02:45:28,915 --> 02:45:30,550
We set forth our arguments...
3243
02:45:30,583 --> 02:45:31,985
No, you, you, you.
I'm asking you.
3244
02:45:32,018 --> 02:45:33,653
-I set... I set forth...
-Not we. You, you, you!
3245
02:45:33,686 --> 02:45:35,289
...our arguments
against dropping it,
3246
02:45:35,322 --> 02:45:36,856
but I did not endorse them.
3247
02:45:36,889 --> 02:45:38,591
You mean after
working night and day
3248
02:45:38,624 --> 02:45:39,993
for three years
building the bomb,
3249
02:45:40,026 --> 02:45:41,861
you then argued against
the use of it?
3250
02:45:41,894 --> 02:45:44,597
I was asked
by the Secretary of War
3251
02:45:44,630 --> 02:45:45,999
what the views
of scientists were.
3252
02:45:46,032 --> 02:45:48,768
I gave him the views against
and the views for.
3253
02:45:48,801 --> 02:45:50,803
You supported the dropping
of the atom bomb on Japan.
3254
02:45:50,837 --> 02:45:52,306
-What do you mean "support"?
-Didn't you?
3255
02:45:52,339 --> 02:45:53,806
-You supported it!
-What do you mean "support"?
3256
02:45:53,840 --> 02:45:55,175
Well, you helped
pick the target, didn't you?
3257
02:45:55,209 --> 02:45:56,843
I did my job.
3258
02:45:56,876 --> 02:45:58,611
I was not in a policy-making
position at Los Alamos.
3259
02:45:58,644 --> 02:46:00,280
I would have done anything
I was asked to do.
3260
02:46:00,314 --> 02:46:02,582
Well, then you would have
built the H-bomb too,
3261
02:46:02,615 --> 02:46:03,750
-wouldn't you?
-I couldn't.
3262
02:46:03,783 --> 02:46:05,685
I didn't ask you that, Doctor!
3263
02:46:05,718 --> 02:46:08,054
And the GAC report
which you co-authored
3264
02:46:08,088 --> 02:46:09,956
after the Soviet
atomic test said
3265
02:46:09,989 --> 02:46:12,658
a Super bomb
should never be built!
3266
02:46:12,692 --> 02:46:14,027
What we meant,
what I meant was...
3267
02:46:14,060 --> 02:46:16,130
-What you, who? Who?
-What I meant...
3268
02:46:17,897 --> 02:46:19,333
And wouldn't the Russians
do anything
3269
02:46:19,366 --> 02:46:21,634
to increase their strength?
3270
02:46:21,667 --> 02:46:23,636
If we did it,
they would have to do it.
3271
02:46:23,669 --> 02:46:25,705
Our efforts would only
fuel their efforts,
3272
02:46:25,738 --> 02:46:27,840
just as it had
with the atomic bomb.
3273
02:46:27,874 --> 02:46:31,278
"Just as it had with
the atomic bomb," exactly!
3274
02:46:31,311 --> 02:46:36,049
No moral scruples in 1945,
plenty in 1949.
3275
02:46:40,187 --> 02:46:42,021
Dr. Oppenheimer...
3276
02:46:43,689 --> 02:46:46,293
...when did your strong
moral convictions develop
3277
02:46:46,326 --> 02:46:49,129
with respect
to the hydrogen bomb?
3278
02:46:56,170 --> 02:46:59,073
When it became clear to me
3279
02:46:59,106 --> 02:47:02,742
that we would tend to use
any weapon we had.
3280
02:47:05,179 --> 02:47:07,680
J. Robert Oppenheimer,
the martyr.
3281
02:47:07,713 --> 02:47:10,317
I gave him exactly
what he wanted.
3282
02:47:10,350 --> 02:47:12,618
To be remembered for Trinity,
3283
02:47:12,652 --> 02:47:15,255
not Hiroshima,
3284
02:47:15,289 --> 02:47:17,723
not Nagasaki.
3285
02:47:20,260 --> 02:47:22,962
He should be thanking me.
3286
02:47:22,995 --> 02:47:25,932
Well, he's not.
3287
02:47:27,767 --> 02:47:29,370
Do we still have enough votes,
3288
02:47:29,404 --> 02:47:31,072
or is the crowning moment
of my career
3289
02:47:31,106 --> 02:47:35,243
about to become the most public
humiliation of my life?
3290
02:47:35,276 --> 02:47:37,845
Full Senate's about to vote.
3291
02:47:37,878 --> 02:47:39,046
You'll scrape through.
3292
02:47:39,080 --> 02:47:40,714
Great, then gather
the fucking press.
3293
02:47:40,747 --> 02:47:42,716
Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer.
3294
02:47:42,749 --> 02:47:45,719
This board, having heard
testimony from you
3295
02:47:45,752 --> 02:47:48,889
and many of your current
and former colleagues,
3296
02:47:48,922 --> 02:47:50,924
has come to
the unanimous conclusion
3297
02:47:50,958 --> 02:47:54,061
that you are a loyal citizen.
3298
02:47:55,363 --> 02:47:56,997
However,
3299
02:47:57,030 --> 02:48:00,667
in the light of
your continuing associations
3300
02:48:00,701 --> 02:48:01,969
and disregard
3301
02:48:02,002 --> 02:48:04,139
for the security apparatus
of this country,
3302
02:48:04,172 --> 02:48:07,708
together with your
somewhat disturbing conduct
3303
02:48:07,741 --> 02:48:10,278
on the hydrogen bomb program
3304
02:48:10,311 --> 02:48:11,845
and the regrettable
lack of candor
3305
02:48:11,879 --> 02:48:14,249
in certain of your responses
to this board,
3306
02:48:14,282 --> 02:48:17,152
we have voted two to one
3307
02:48:17,185 --> 02:48:20,288
to deny the renewal
of your security clearance.
3308
02:48:20,321 --> 02:48:23,424
A full written opinion,
with a dissent from Mr. Evans,
3309
02:48:23,458 --> 02:48:26,960
will be issued to the AEC
in the coming days.
3310
02:48:26,994 --> 02:48:28,662
That is all.
3311
02:48:32,433 --> 02:48:33,767
-Gordon...
-Roger.
3312
02:48:38,805 --> 02:48:40,707
Robert.
3313
02:48:41,342 --> 02:48:42,876
Robert.
3314
02:48:45,346 --> 02:48:46,847
Don't...
3315
02:48:49,217 --> 02:48:52,420
Don't take in the sheets.
3316
02:48:53,820 --> 02:48:55,223
Get a picture with him.
3317
02:48:55,256 --> 02:48:56,491
Sir, sir.
3318
02:48:56,524 --> 02:48:58,992
Two minutes. Two minutes.
3319
02:48:59,026 --> 02:49:00,228
-You'll get your shot.
-Please, sir.
3320
02:49:00,261 --> 02:49:01,828
We've been waiting for so long.
3321
02:49:01,862 --> 02:49:02,863
-Evening, sir.
-Come out.
3322
02:49:02,896 --> 02:49:03,931
Sir, sir!
3323
02:49:03,964 --> 02:49:05,300
Is it official?
3324
02:49:07,402 --> 02:49:08,802
Well, there were,
3325
02:49:08,835 --> 02:49:11,972
uh, a couple
of unexpected holdouts.
3326
02:49:16,411 --> 02:49:19,080
I'm denied. Yeah?
3327
02:49:19,113 --> 02:49:21,082
-I'm afraid so, sir.
-All right.
3328
02:49:28,789 --> 02:49:29,856
Who were the holdouts?
3329
02:49:29,890 --> 02:49:32,826
Um, there were three,
3330
02:49:32,859 --> 02:49:35,796
led by the junior senator
from Massachusetts.
3331
02:49:35,829 --> 02:49:37,232
Young guy trying
to make a name for himself,
3332
02:49:37,265 --> 02:49:39,833
didn't like what you did
to Oppenheimer.
3333
02:49:39,866 --> 02:49:41,001
What's his name?
3334
02:49:41,034 --> 02:49:43,238
Uh, Kennedy.
3335
02:49:43,271 --> 02:49:45,073
John F. Kennedy.
3336
02:49:48,543 --> 02:49:49,943
Kitty?
3337
02:49:56,017 --> 02:49:59,421
Did you think that if you
let them tar and feather you,
3338
02:49:59,455 --> 02:50:02,023
that the world
would forgive you?
3339
02:50:05,561 --> 02:50:06,995
It won't.
3340
02:50:09,365 --> 02:50:10,765
We'll see.
3341
02:50:20,542 --> 02:50:22,544
Goddamn it.
3342
02:50:24,079 --> 02:50:27,015
You told me I'd be okay.
3343
02:50:27,048 --> 02:50:29,418
Yeah, well, I didn't have
all the facts, did I?
3344
02:50:29,451 --> 02:50:31,019
Here's a fact.
3345
02:50:31,052 --> 02:50:32,887
President Eisenhower pinned
the Medal of Freedom
3346
02:50:32,920 --> 02:50:34,356
on my chest last year
3347
02:50:34,390 --> 02:50:36,891
'cause I've always done
what's right for this country.
3348
02:50:36,924 --> 02:50:39,428
They don't want me
in the Cabinet room?
3349
02:50:39,461 --> 02:50:41,896
Well, that's... that's fine.
3350
02:50:41,929 --> 02:50:44,266
Maybe they should just
invite Oppenheimer instead.
3351
02:50:44,300 --> 02:50:45,334
Maybe they will.
3352
02:50:46,335 --> 02:50:47,569
I told you,
3353
02:50:47,603 --> 02:50:50,239
he turned the scientists
against me one by one,
3354
02:50:50,272 --> 02:50:52,441
starting with Einstein.
I told you about, uh, Einstein.
3355
02:50:52,474 --> 02:50:53,908
I saw him by the pond.
3356
02:50:53,941 --> 02:50:55,444
You did, but you know, sir,
3357
02:50:55,477 --> 02:50:57,479
since nobody really knows
3358
02:50:57,513 --> 02:50:59,148
what they said
to each other that day,
3359
02:50:59,181 --> 02:51:03,218
is it possible they didn't
talk about you at all?
3360
02:51:03,252 --> 02:51:06,388
Is it possible they spoke
about something, uh,
3361
02:51:06,422 --> 02:51:07,855
more important?
3362
02:51:07,889 --> 02:51:09,325
Mr. Strauss!
3363
02:51:12,661 --> 02:51:15,063
Over here! Mr. Strauss!
3364
02:51:18,200 --> 02:51:21,470
Oh.
3365
02:51:22,638 --> 02:51:23,938
Thank you.
3366
02:51:23,971 --> 02:51:26,475
Albert.
3367
02:51:26,508 --> 02:51:28,477
Ah.
3368
02:51:28,510 --> 02:51:31,012
The man of the moment.
3369
02:51:34,116 --> 02:51:37,486
You once held
a-a reception for me.
3370
02:51:37,519 --> 02:51:39,321
In Berkeley.
You gave me an award.
3371
02:51:39,355 --> 02:51:41,223
-Hmm?
-Yes.
3372
02:51:42,124 --> 02:51:44,526
You all thought that
I had lost the ability
3373
02:51:44,560 --> 02:51:47,496
to understand what I'd started.
3374
02:51:47,529 --> 02:51:50,965
So the award
really wasn't for me,
3375
02:51:50,998 --> 02:51:53,402
it was for all of you, hmm?
3376
02:51:55,270 --> 02:51:57,272
Now it's your turn
3377
02:51:57,306 --> 02:52:02,009
to deal with the consequences
of your achievement.
3378
02:52:02,944 --> 02:52:04,246
And one day,
3379
02:52:04,279 --> 02:52:06,914
when they've
punished you enough...
3380
02:52:08,317 --> 02:52:12,222
...they'll serve you
salmon and potato salad.
3381
02:52:15,958 --> 02:52:17,993
Make speeches...
3382
02:52:19,027 --> 02:52:20,530
...give you a medal.
3383
02:52:22,232 --> 02:52:24,401
Hello, Frank.
3384
02:52:24,434 --> 02:52:25,668
You're happy, I'm happy.
3385
02:52:32,642 --> 02:52:35,978
Pat you on the back,
tell you all is forgiven.
3386
02:52:37,514 --> 02:52:39,915
Just remember...
3387
02:52:40,550 --> 02:52:42,419
...it won't be for you.
3388
02:52:46,689 --> 02:52:48,324
It'll be for them.
3389
02:53:02,472 --> 02:53:04,006
Albert.
3390
02:53:05,241 --> 02:53:08,711
When I came to you
with those calculations,
3391
02:53:08,745 --> 02:53:10,979
we thought we might
start a chain reaction
3392
02:53:11,013 --> 02:53:14,484
that would destroy
the entire world.
3393
02:53:14,517 --> 02:53:17,986
Mm, I remember it well.
3394
02:53:18,020 --> 02:53:20,089
What of it?
3395
02:53:22,725 --> 02:53:24,461
I believe we did.